The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on Executive Functioning, Attention and Memory in Rehabilitation Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction and and Synthesis
2.4. Methodological Quality
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Outcomes
3.3.1. Effect of tDCS
3.3.2. Safety
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Disease | Design-LoE | PEDro | Sample | Sex (M:F) | Age (SD) | Time between TBI Onset and Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMS | |||||||
Neville et al., 2019 [26] | TBI, DAI | RCT-1 I vs. C (Sham) | 9 | I: 17 C: 13 | 27:3 | I: 29.0 (10.35) C: 32.62 (12.81) | I: 18.30 (13–24) C: 17.62 (13–26) months |
Lee et al., 2018 [27] | TBI GCS I: 13.71 (1.11) C: 13.66 (0.81) | RCT-1 I + Re vs. C (Sham) + Re | 8 | I: 7 C (Sham): 7 | 9:4 | I: 42.42 (11.32) C: 41.33 (11.02) | I: 3.85 (1.67) C: 3.88 (1.94) months |
tDCS | |||||||
Sacco et al., 2016 [28] | TBI GCS < 8 | RCT-2 I + Re vs. C (Sham) + Re | 5 | I: 16 C (Sham): 16 | 26:6 | I: 37.7 (10.4) C: 35.2 (12.9) | 3.16 (17.5) months |
Ulam et al., 2015 [29] | TBI | RCT-1 I vs. C (Sham) | 8 | I: 13 C (Sham): 13 | 22:4 | I: 31.3 (9.8) C: 35.7 (14.7) | I: 57.38 (37.8) C: 41.08 (20.87) days |
Leśniak et al., 2014 [30] | TBI | RCT-1 I + Re vs. C (Sham) + Re | 7 | I: 12 C (Sham): 11 | 17:6 | I: 29.2 (7.3) C: 28.2 (8.6) | 18.0 (19.2) months |
Study | Targets | Stimulation Site | Parameter | Session | Rehabilitation | Assessments and Follow-Up | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMS | |||||||
Neville et al., 2019 [26] | Attention Memory Executive | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz 110% MT 2000 pulses/session | 10 | None | TMT-A, -B, COWAT, Stroop test, Five-point test, DS SDT, Hopkins verbal learning test, Visuospatial memory test Follow up at 90 days | There was a significant improvement after 90 days in executive function. However, there was no significant difference compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed on other neuropsychological tests |
Lee et al., 2018 [27] | Attention Executive | Right DLPFC | 1 Hz 100% MT 2000 pulses/session | 10 | All patients received neurodevelopmental therapy | MADRS, SCWT, TMT | Attention function was significantly improved compared to the control group |
Sacco et al., 2016 [28] | Attention Memory WM | Bilateral DLPFC | 2 mA/35 cm2 × 20 min, Two anodes, one on the right DLPFC and the other on the left DLPFC, earth on the arm | 10 | All patients received computer-assisted training. | RBANS, BDI, AES Follow-up at 1 month | The intervention group significantly improved in divided attention and attention task of RBANS between before and after treatment. No significant improvement was observed in memory element of RBANS |
tDCS | |||||||
Ulam et al., 2015 [29] | Cognition Attention Memory WM Executive | Left DLPFC | 1 mA/25 cm2 × 20 min, Anodal electrode was placed over Left DLPFC and Cathodal electrode placed over the right supraorbital area | 10 | None | TEA, DS, Symbol span, Color-Word Interference Test, The Awareness of Social Inference Test, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, The Brief Visuospatial Memory Test | Fifteen out of 19 tests (79%) showed significant pre to post treatment changes. However, no significant difference was observed compared to the control group |
Leśniak et al., 2014 [30] | Cognition Attention Memory WM | Left DLPFC | 1 mA/10 min/current density = 0.028 mA/cm2, Anodal tDCS | 15 | All patients received rehabilitation program consisted of 15 cognitive training sessions conducted with professional computer software | RAVLT, PRM, RVP, SSP from CANTAB battery, PASAT, EBIQ Follow-up at 4 months | At the post-treatment, the intervention group performed better than the control group in 6 outcome elements. However, none of the differences between groups were statistically significant. At the 4-month follow-up, both groups showed improved performance in most tests. However, the differences between the groups were not sufficiently marked to reach the significance level |
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Hara, T.; Shanmugalingam, A.; McIntyre, A.; Burhan, A.M. The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on Executive Functioning, Attention and Memory in Rehabilitation Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040627
Hara T, Shanmugalingam A, McIntyre A, Burhan AM. The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on Executive Functioning, Attention and Memory in Rehabilitation Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(4):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040627
Chicago/Turabian StyleHara, Takatoshi, Aturan Shanmugalingam, Amanda McIntyre, and Amer M. Burhan. 2021. "The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on Executive Functioning, Attention and Memory in Rehabilitation Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review" Diagnostics 11, no. 4: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040627