A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mouthpiece Device Design
2.2. Mouthpiece Fatigue Testing
2.3. TP Instrument Development
2.4. Participants and TP Measuring Method
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
References
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Testing Sample | Tongue Pressure during Testing Cycles (kPa) | p-Value | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Cycle 0–10) | (Cycle 300–310) | (Cycle 700–710) | (Cycle 0 v.s. 300) | (Cycle 0 v.s. 700) | |
Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | |||
Total | 12.69(0.44) | 12.40(0.11) | 12.14(0.20) | ||
Sample 1 | 12.84(0.35) | 12.31(1.04) | 11.97(1.28) | 0.14 | 0.05 |
Sample 2 | 13.04(0.76) | 12.52(1.27) | 12.36(1.35) | 0.28 | 0.18 |
Sample 3 | 12.20(0.99) | 12.36(1.34) | 12.08(1.29) | 0.76 | 0.82 |
Testing Sample | Tongue Pressure during Testing Cycles (kPa) | p-Value | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Cycle 0–10) | (Cycle 300–310) | (Cycle 700–710) | (Cycle 0 v.s. 300) | (Cycle 0 v.s. 700) | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
Total | 12.69(0.44) | 12.40(0.11) | 12.14(0.20) | ||||
Sample 1 | 12.84(0.35) | 12.31(1.04) | 11.97(1.28) | 0.14 | 0.05 | ||
Sample 2 | 13.04(0.76) | 12.52(1.27) | 12.36(1.35) | 0.28 | 0.18 | ||
Sample 3 | 12.20(0.99) | 12.36(1.34) | 12.08(1.29) | 0.76 | 0.82 | ||
Variable | TPWA | p-Value | JMS | p-Value | |||
n | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |||
Total | 52 | 40.77 | (12.48) | 41.51 | (11.01) | ||
Test sequence | |||||||
TPWA–JMS | 22 | 42.31 | (13.63) | 0.451 | 42.17 | (12.23) | 0.715 |
JMS–TPWA | 30 | 39.64 | (11.67) | 41.03 | (10.21) | ||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 35 | 43.51 | (11.72) | 0.022 | 44.53 | (10.59) | 0.004 |
Female | 17 | 35.14 | (12.43) | 35.30 | (9.31) |
Variable | TPWA | p-Value | JMS | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |||
Total | 40 | 16.55 | (9.17) | 19.56 | (9.26) | ||
Test sequence | |||||||
TPWA–JMS | 20 | 16.12 | (8.78) | 0.772 | 19.12 | (9.02) | 0.768 |
JMS–TPWA | 20 | 16.98 | (9.75) | 20.00 | (9.71) | ||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 9 | 12.97 | (8.30) | 0.187 | 14.91 | (5.57) | 0.087 |
Female | 31 | 17.59 | (9.27) | 20.91 | (9.74) | ||
Age | |||||||
60–69 yrs | 18 | 19.66 | (10.61) | 0.086 | 22.89 | (10.13) | 0.118 |
70–79 yrs | 15 | 15.40 | (6.87) | 17.02 | 6.61 | ||
≥80 yrs | 7 | 11.01 | (7.01) | 16.43 | (10.20) |
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Liu, H.-Y.; Chen, C.-H.; Kuo, C.-H.; Feng, M.-C.; Chen, J.-H.; Wang, H.-W.; Chen, K.-C.; Lin, C.-L. A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030489
Liu H-Y, Chen C-H, Kuo C-H, Feng M-C, Chen J-H, Wang H-W, Chen K-C, Lin C-L. A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(3):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030489
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Hsiu-Yueh, Chun-Hung Chen, Chao-Hung Kuo, Ming-Chu Feng, Jen-Hao Chen, Hsuan-Wen Wang, Kun-Chun Chen, and Chun-Li Lin. 2021. "A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece" Diagnostics 11, no. 3: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030489