Rare Causes of Cerebral Venus Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Capecchi, M.; Abbattista, M.; Martinelli, I. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2018, 16, 1918–1931. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ferro, J.M.; Canhão, P.; Stam, J.; Bousser, M.-G.; Barinagarrementeria, F. ISCVT Investigators Prognosis of Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis: Results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 2004, 35, 664–670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Linn, J.; Ertl-Wagner, B.; Seelos, K.C.; Strupp, M.; Reiser, M.; Brückmann, H.; Brüning, R. Diagnostic Value of Multidetector-Row CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Thrombosis of the Cerebral Venous Sinuses. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2007, 28, 946–952. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Saposnik, G.; Barinagarrementeria, F.; Brown, R.D.; Bushnell, C.D.; Cucchiara, B.; Cushman, M.; deVeber, G.; Ferro, J.M.; Tsai, F.Y. American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011, 42, 1158–1192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Viegas, L.D.; Stolz, E.; Canhão, P.; Ferro, J.M. Systemic Thrombolysis for Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2014, 37, 43–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dentali, F.; Squizzato, A.; Gianni, M.; De Lodovici, M.L.; Venco, A.; Paciaroni, M.; Crowther, M.; Ageno, W. Safety of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Thromb. Haemost. 2010, 104, 1055–1062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Canhão, P.; Ferro, J.M.; Lindgren, A.G.; Bousser, M.-G.; Stam, J.; Barinagarrementeria, F. ISCVT Investigators Causes and Predictors of Death in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Stroke 2005, 36, 1720–1725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dentali, F.; Crowther, M.; Ageno, W. Thrombophilic Abnormalities, Oral Contraceptives, and Risk of Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: A Meta-Analysis. Blood 2006, 107, 2766–2773. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bousser, M.-G.; Crassard, I. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Pregnancy and Oral Contraceptives. Thromb. Res. 2012, 130 (Suppl. 1), S19–S22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Coutinho, J.M.; Ferro, J.M.; Canhão, P.; Barinagarrementeria, F.; Cantú, C.; Bousser, M.-G.; Stam, J. Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis in Women. Stroke 2009, 40, 2356–2361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lauw, M.N.; Barco, S.; Coutinho, J.M.; Middeldorp, S. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Thrombophilia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 2013, 39, 913–927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dentali, F.; Poli, D.; Scoditti, U.; Di Minno, M.N.D.; De Stefano, V.; Siragusa, S.; Kostal, M.; Palareti, G.; Sartori, M.T.; Grandone, E.; et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: A Multicenter Study. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2012, 10, 1297–1302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Albakr, A.I.; AlMohish, N. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Published Case Reports. Perm. J. 2021, 25, 21.031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, B.; Lang, Y.; Zhang, W.; Cui, L.; Deng, F. Characteristics and Management of Autoimmune Disease-Associated Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Front. Immunol. 2021, 12, 671101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alamlih, L.; Abdulgayoom, M.; Menik Arachchige, S.N.; Shah, M.H.; Zahid, M. Chronic Headache and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Varicella Zoster Virus Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am. J. Case Rep. 2021, 22, e927699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohaeri, C.; Thomas, D.R.; Salmon, J.; Cottrell, S.; Lyons, J.; Akbari, A.; Lyons, R.A.; Torabi, F.; Davies, G.G.; Williams, C. Comparative Risk of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) Following COVID-19 Vaccination or Infection: A National Cohort Study Using Linked Electronic Health Records. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2022, 18, 2127572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rehman, A.; Husnain, M.G.; Mushtaq, K.; Eledrisi, M.S. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Precipitated by Graves’ Disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018, bcr-2017–224143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdalla, A.O.; Alluri, D.; Hassaballa, M.; Calvo, L.; Otaki, F. A Case of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting During Relapse of Ulcerative Colitis. Am. J. Case Rep. 2019, 20, 419–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bouchal, S.; Alami, B.; Chtaou, N.; Abkari, M.; Maaroufi, M.; Belahsen, F. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis during Relapse of Ulcerative Colitis: Case Report with Review of Literature. J. Med. Vasc. 2021, 46, 22–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, K.; Xu, Q.; Ma, Y.; Zhan, R.; Shen, J.; Pan, J. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis: Case Report and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg. 2017, 106, 1052.e13–1052.e21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Downie, E.; Diep, J.; Sungala, N.; Wong, J. IgM Nephropathy Complicated by Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Study. BMC Nephrol. 2020, 21, 390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ho, T.-H.; Hsu, Y.-W.; Wang, C.-W.; Lee, J.-T.; Ting, C.-H.; Yang, F.-C. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in A Patient with Sjögren’s Syndrome with Atypical Antibodies: A Case Report. Acta Neurol. Taiwan 2016, 25, 65–69. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Zhu, R.; Fang, C.; Wang, J.; He, X. Acute Herpes Zoster Followed by Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Neurol. India 2020, 68, 219–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jia, J.; Xi, G.; Fan, W.; Wang, G.; Li, J.; Huang, J. Cerebrovascular Intervention Therapy Worked Positively in One Patient with Severe Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J. Med. Case Rep. 2022, 16, 250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deskur, A.; Zawada, I.; Błogowski, W.; Starzyńska, T. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Young Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report. Medicine 2019, 98, e17428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siddiqi, S.A.; Nishat, S.; Kanwar, D.; Ali, F.; Azeemuddin, M.; Wasay, M. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Association with Primary Varicella Zoster Virus Infection. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2012, 21, 917.e1–917.e4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferreira, B.F.D.A.; Rodriguez, E.E.C.; Prado, L.L.d.; Gonçalves, C.R.; Hirata, C.E.; Yamamoto, J.H. Frosted Branch Angiitis and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as an Initial Onset of Neuro-Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J. Med. Case Rep. 2017, 11, 104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mwita, J.C.; Baliki, K.; Tema, L. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in HIV-Infected Patients: Report of 2 Cases. Pan Afr. Med. J. 2013, 16, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giammello, F.; Dell’Aera, C.; Grillo, F.; Cotroneo, M.; Casella, C.; Fazio, M.C.; La Spina, P.; Francalanza, I.; Fiorenza, A.; Toscano, A.; et al. Recurrent Intracranial Hemorrhage and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: An Atypical Case of Neuro-Behçet’s Syndrome. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2020, 191, 105680. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mokkappan, S.; Basheer, A.; Iqbal, N.; Chidambaram, S. Bilateral Thalamic Bleed and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Japanese Encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015, bcr2014207957. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pekdemir, M.; Yilmaz, S.; Ersel, M.; Sarisoy, H.T. A Rare Cause of Headache: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Hyperthyroidism. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2008, 26, 383.e1–383.e2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vaidya, B.; Coulthard, A.; Goonetilleke, A.; Burn, D.J.; James, R.A.; Kendall-Taylor, P. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Late Sequel of Invasive Fibrous Thyroiditis. Thyroid 1998, 8, 787–790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jha, V.K.; Padmaprakash, K.V.; Pandey, R.; Sharda, V.; Sharma, A. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Warning Signal for Double Positive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in a Young Male with Complete Renal Recovery. Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl. 2018, 29, 1488–1493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aydin, A.E.; Gunduz, O.; Sari, I.; Saatci, A.O.; Yilmaz, E.; Akkoc, N. Papilledema Caused by Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Patient with Behçet Disease. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 2013, 19, 52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gritti, P.; Lanterna, L.A.; Chinaglia, D.; Manara, O.; Soavi, L.; Zilio, A.; Suter, F. An Unusual Case of Meningitis. Infez. Med. 2011, 19, 45–48. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bialasiewicz, S.; Hart, G.; Oliver, K.; Agnihotri, S.P.; Koralnik, I.J.; Viscidi, R.; Nissen, M.D.; Sloots, T.P.; Burke, M.T.; Isbel, N.M.; et al. A Difficult Decision: Atypical JC Polyomavirus Encephalopathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient. Transplantation 2017, 101, 1461–1467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patel, S.A.; Okeagu, C.; Jones, K.; Chaudhry, A.; Berkenstock, M.K. Neuro-Behcet Disease and Ocular Inflammation: A Case Report and Literature Review. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 2022, 30, 95–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lal, A.; Dhamne, M.C.; Hui, A.C.; Ahmad, A. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Encephalitis in a Young Man: An Unusual Course. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018, bcr2017222499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ascaso, F.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Cristóbal, J.A. Cranial Hypertension as First Manifestation of Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report. Doc. Ophthalmol. 2002, 105, 291–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harper, C.M.; O’Neill, B.P.; O’Duffy, J.D.; Forbes, G.S. Intracranial Hypertension in Behçet’s Disease: Demonstration of Sinus Occlusion with Use of Digital Subtraction Angiography. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1985, 60, 419–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elhassan, A.E.E.; Ali, M.O.K.; Bougaila, A.; Abdelhady, M.; Abuzaid, H. Hyperthyroidism as a Precipitant Factor for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report. J. Investig. Med. High Impact Case Rep. 2020, 8, 2324709620949309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fu, F.-W.; Rao, J.; Zheng, Y.-Y.; Song, L.; Chen, W.; Zhou, Q.-H.; Yang, J.-G.; Ke, J.-Q.; Zheng, G.-Q. Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by Transverse Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Medicine 2017, 96, e7374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, C.; Pu, C. Dural Enhancement Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reflecting the Underlying Causes of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Chin. Med. J. 2012, 125, 1513–1516. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Raper, D.M.S.; Zukas, A.M.; Schiff, D.; Asthagiri, A.R. Geographically Remote Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Patients with Intracranial Tumors. World Neurosurg. 2017, 98, 555–562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Izadi, S.; Karkos, P.D.; Krishnan, R.; Hsuan, J.; Lesser, T.H.J. Papilloedema Secondary to Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following Glomus Jugulare Tumour Surgery. J. Laryngol. Otol. 2009, 123, 1393–1395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, K.-W.; Lin, Y.-H.; Lee, C.-W. Acute Posttraumatic Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis-Induced Malignant Increased Intracranial Pressure Treated with Endovascular Dural Sinus Thrombectomy and Stenting. World Neurosurg. 2019, 128, 393–397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miao, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Zhang, H.; Lei, T. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following Second Transsphenoidal Surgery: Report of a Rare Complication and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg. 2018, 110, 101–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Isan, P.; Mondot, L.; Casolla, B.; Fontaine, D.; Almairac, F. Post-Traumatic Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated with Epidural Hematoma: A Challenging Clinical Situation. Neurochirurgie 2022, 68, e40–e43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dobbs, T.D.; Barber, Z.E.; Squier, W.L.; Green, A.L. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Complicating Traumatic Head Injury. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2012, 19, 1058–1059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gong, S.; Hong, W.; Wu, J.; Xu, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, X.; Liu, Y.; Yu, R.-G. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury Complicating Thyroid Storm: A Case Report and Discussion. BMC Neurol. 2022, 22, 248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sawarkar, D.P.; Verma, S.K.; Singh, P.K.; Doddamani, R.; Kumar, A.; Sharma, B.S. Fatal Superior Sagittal Sinus and Torcular Thrombosis After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Report of a Rare Complication and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg. 2016, 96, 607.e19–607.e24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Manzoor, N.F.; Ray, A.; Singer, J.; Nord, R.; Sunshine, J.; Megerian, C.A.; Bambakidis, N.C.; Semaan, M.T. Successful Endovascular Management of Venous Sinus Thrombosis Complicating Trans-Labyrinthine Removal of Vestibular Schwanomma. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 2016, 37, 379–382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Harrahill, M. An Unusual Case of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Trauma Patient. J. Emerg. Nurs. 2011, 37, 203–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Muthukumar, N. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Thrombophilia Presenting as Pseudo-Tumour Syndrome Following Mild Head Injury. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2004, 11, 924–927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nagarkar, R.; Kokane, G.; Wagh, A.; Roy, S. Diplopia-an Unheralded Consequence of Neck Dissection: Case Report. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 2018, 22, 341–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Couban, S.; Maxner, C.E. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. CMAJ 1991, 145, 657–659. [Google Scholar]
- Kozasa, Y.; Takaseya, H.; Koga, Y.; Hiraki, T.; Mishima, Y.; Niiyama, S.; Ushijima, K. A Case of Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia Caused by Postoperative Brain Edema Associated with Unexpected Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. J. Anesth. 2013, 27, 764–767. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lega, B.C.; Yoshor, D. Postoperative Dural Sinus Thrombosis in a Patient in a Hypercoagulable State. Case Report. J. Neurosurg. 2006, 105, 772–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Obeid, T.; Awada, A.; Mousali, Y.; Nusair, M.; Muhayawi, S.; Memish, S. Extensive Radiculopathy: A Manifestation of Intracranial Hypertension. Eur. J. Neurol. 2000, 7, 549–553. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miller, L.; Binder, W. A 38-Year-Old Woman with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Rhode Isl. Med. J. 2021, 104, 34–37. [Google Scholar]
- O’Rourke, T.L.; Slagle, W.S.; Elkins, M.; Eckermann, D.; Musick, A. Papilloedema Associated with Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Clin. Exp. Optom. 2014, 97, 133–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guan, J.; Song, S.; Wang, W.; Ji, X.; Meng, R. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to External Compression of Internal Jugular Vein. J. Int. Med. Res. 2021, 49, 3000605211006609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kunle-Hassan, F.; Dattani, M.; Snead, M.; Subash, M. Bilateral Intraocular Hemorrhage Secondary to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Retin. Cases Brief Rep. 2018, 12, 216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wong, V.S.S.; Adamczyk, P.; Dahlin, B.; Richman, D.P.; Wheelock, V. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting with Auditory Hallucinations and Illusions. Cogn. Behav. Neurol. 2011, 24, 40–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.; He, Z.; Nan, G. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting with Multifocal Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report. Medicine 2018, 97, e13476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lan, R.; Ma, Y.-Z.; Shen, X.-M.; Wu, J.-T.; Gu, C.-Q.; Zhang, Y. Bilateral Corpus Callosum and Corona Radiata Infarction Due to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting as Headache and Acute Reversible Aphasia: A Rare Case Report. BMC Neurol. 2020, 20, 249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amer, R.R.; Bakhsh, E.A. Nonaneurysmal Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as an Atypical Initial Presentation of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report. Am. J. Case Rep. 2018, 19, 472–477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karatsu, K.; Kikuchi, R.; Kanazawa, T.; Nakamura, A.; Miyazaki, H. Sphenoparietal Sinus and Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Neurochirurgie 2022, 68, 432–436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carangelo, B.; Lavalle, L.; Tiezzi, G.; Branco, D.; Lippa, L.; Mileo, E.; Costantino, G.; Mariottini, A.; Muscas, G.; Maturo, A. A Rare Localization of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Case Report. Case report. Il G. Di Chir. 2015, 36, 79–83. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, H.; Song, S.; Ouyang, Z. Intraventricular Hemorrhage Caused by Intracranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report. Medicine 2016, 95, e3907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kawai, N.; Shindou, A.; Masada, T.; Tamiya, T.; Nagao, S. Hemodynamic and Metabolic Changes in a Patient with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Evaluation Using O-15 Positron Emission Tomography. Clin. Nucl. Med. 2005, 30, 391–394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De-Giorgio, F.; Peschillo, S.; Vetrugno, G.; d’Aloja, E.; Spagnolo, A.G.; Miscusi, M. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Spontaneous, Progressive, and Retrograde Jugular Vein Thrombosis Causing Sudden Death in a Young Woman. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2015, 11, 88–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hassan, A.; Ahmad, B.; Ahmed, Z.; Al-Quliti, K.W. Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. An Unusual Clinical Presentation of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Neurosciences 2015, 20, 61–64. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Omoto, K.; Nakagawa, I.; Park, H.S.; Wada, T.; Motoyama, Y.; Kichikawa, K.; Nakase, H. Successful Emergent Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy for Pediatric and Young Adult Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Coma. World Neurosurg. 2019, 122, 203–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gariel, F.; Berge, J.; Dousset, V. Neurological Recovery after Coma Related to Diffuse Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Interest in Thrombi-Aspiration with Penumbra System. Interv. Neuroradiol. 2015, 21, 218–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, S.; Kumar, S.; Joseph, M.; Gnanamuthu, C.; Alexander, M. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting as Subdural Haematoma. Australas. Radiol. 2005, 49, 101–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lozano-Ros, A.; Luque-Buzo, E.; García-Pastor, A.; Castro-Reyes, E.; Díaz-Otero, F.; Vázquez-Alen, P.; Fernández-Bullido, Y.; Villanueva-Osorio, J.A.; Gil-Núñez, A. Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST): Is a Complete Recanalization Required for a Good Clinical Outcome? J. Neuroradiol. 2016, 43, 51–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Horowitz, M.; Purdy, P.; Unwin, H.; Carstens, G.; Greenlee, R.; Hise, J.; Kopitnik, T.; Batjer, H.; Rollins, N.; Samson, D. Treatment of Dural Sinus Thrombosis Using Selective Catheterization and Urokinase. Ann. Neurol. 1995, 38, 58–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Washida, K.; Kowa, H.; Tsuji, Y.; Sekiguchi, K.; Kanda, F.; Toda, T. Multiple Deep White Matter Hyperintense Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Early Sign of Straight Sinus Thrombosis. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2016, 25, e131–e133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Reference | Age | Gender | Anatomical Location | Infarct | Haemorrhage | Cause | Anticoagulation Treatment | Thrombolysis or Endovascular Treatment | Early Outcome | Follow-Up Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[17] | 31 | male | superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and both transverse sinuses | Yes | No | Grave’s disease | Yes | No | NA | 18 months, normal |
[18] | 27 | male | left sagittal sinus | Yes | No | Ulcerative colitis | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[19] | 27 | female | left transverse, sigmoid sinus | No | No | Ulcerative colitis | Yes | No | improved | 6 months, normal |
[19] | 45 | male | left temporal venous, left transverse, sigmoid sinus | No | No | Ulcerative colitis | Yes | No | NA | 6 months, normal |
[20] | 52 | female | superior sagittal, straight, left transverse sinus | No | No | Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis | Yes | Yes | improved | 1 year, normal |
[21] | 23 | male | right transverse sinus, sagittal sinus | No | No | IgM nephropathy | Yes | No | NA | 1 year, normal |
[22] | 50 | female | left transverse sinus | No | No | Sjögren’s syndrome | Yes | No | NA | 6 months, normal |
[23] | 75 | male | left sigmoid and transverse sinus | Yes | No | Acute herpes zoster | Yes | No | improved | NAs |
[24] | 32 | female | right transverse, sigmoid sinus, and straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, left transverse sinus | No | No | Grave’s disease | Yes | Yes | improved | 3 months, improved |
[15] | 20 | male | sagittal sinus, straight sinus, bilateral frontal parasagittal cortical veins, transverse and sigmoid sinuses, and left internal jugular vein, | No | No | Varicella zoster virus | Yes | No | improved | 2 months, normal |
[25] | 25 | male | right transverse sinus | No | No | Ulcerative colitis | Yes | No | improved | 5 months, normal |
[26] | 20 | male | widespread | No | No | Varicella zoster virus | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[27] | 28 | female | superior sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, and internal jugular vein | No | No | Neuro–Bechet’s disease | No | No | improved | NA |
[28] | 44 | female | sagittal, right transverse, and sigmoid sinuses | No | No | HIV | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[29] | 22 | male | right sigmoid sinus | Yes | Yes | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | No | No | improved | NA |
[30] | 19 | female | right transverse, right sigmoid, left transverse and straight sinuses | No | Yes | Japanese encephalitis | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[31] | 28 | male | left sigmoid sinus | No | No | Hyperthyroidism, chronic thyroiditis | Yes | No | stable | NA |
[32] | 55 | female | right internal jugular vein, right sigmoid, transverse, superior sagittal sinus | No | No | Invasive fibrous thyroiditis | Yes | No | improved | 3 months, NA |
[33] | 29 | male | frontoparietal region | No | No | ANCA and anti-GBM positivity | Yes | No | stable | 3 months, NA |
[34] | 37 | male | both sigmoid sinuses | No | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | No | No | improved | 9 months, NA |
[35] | 38 | female | Left sigmoid, transverse | No | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | No | No | death | death |
[36] | 27 | male | Left transverse sinus | No | No | JC Polyomavirus | Yes | No | improved | 9 months, NA |
[37] | 26 | female | bilateral transverse sinus, left venous sinus thrombosis | Yes | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[38] | 31 | male | superior sagittal sinus | No | No | HSV encephalitis | Yes | No | improved | 1 year, normal |
[39] | 30 | male | superior sagittal sinus | No | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[40] | 18 | male | superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses | No | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | No | No | improved | 1 year, normal |
[40] | 26 | female | left sigmoid sinus | No | No | Neuro-Bechet’s disease | NA | No | NA | NA |
[41] | 41 | male | superior sagittal sinus and adjacent cortical veins | No | No | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | Yes | No | NA | 2 months/stable |
[42] | 45 | male | right transverse sinus | No | Yes | Autoimmune hyperthyroidsm | Yes | No | improved | 1 year, stable |
[43] | 41 | female | right transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, and jugular vein | No | No | Pachymeningitis | Yes | No | improved | 1 month, stable |
[44] | 21 | female | left transverse, sigmoid, jugular bulb | No | No | Glioblastoma | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[44] | 61 | male | left transverse, sigmoid, left internal jugular vein | No | No | Glioblastoma | Yes | No | NA | 12 months, NA |
[44] | 32 | male | bilateral transverse, sigmoid | No | No | Pilocytic astrocytoma | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[44] | 75 | male | left sigmoid | No | No | Atypical meningioma | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[44] | 60 | male | right transverse, sigmoid, internal jugular vein | No | No | PCNSL | Yes | No | NA | 9 months, death |
[44] | 21 | male | superior sagittal sinus, right frontal | No | Yes | Oligodendroglioma | Yes | No | NA | 3 months, stable |
[45] | 44 | male | Left lateral sinus, right proximal lateral sinus | No | No | Post glomus jugulare tumor surgery | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[46] | 20 | male | sigmoid sinus, jugular bulb thrombosis | No | Yes | Post-traumatic | No | Yes | improved | 6 months, stable |
[47] | 43 | female | sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, right internal jugular | No | No | Complications after transsphenoidal surgery | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[48] | 42 | male | right transverse sinus | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | No | NA | 3 months, NA |
[49] | 37 | female | right sigmoid, transverse, and straight sinuses and the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | No | death | NA |
[50] | 29 | male | multible cerebral venus thrombosis | Yes | Yes | Post-traumatic | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[51] | 45 | female | superior sagittal sinus, bilateral transverse, and sigmoid sinus | No | Yes | Post-operative | No | No | death | NA |
[52] | 21 | female | right jugular vein, sigmoid, and transverse sinuses, superior sagittal sinus | No | No | Post-operatively after right trans-labyrinthine craniotomy | Yes | Yes | improved | 6 weeks, stable |
[53] | NA | male | superior sagittal sinus | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | No | improved | NA |
[54] | 38 | male | superior sagittal | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | No | NA | NA |
[55] | 30 | male | sigmoid and transverse sinuses suggestive of right IJV thrombosis | No | No | Therapeutic ligation of the internal jugular vein during neck dissection | Yes | No | improved | 1 year, normal |
[56] | 25 | female | superior sagittal sinus, right proximal transverse sinus | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | No | improved | 5 months, normal |
[57] | 55 | male | superior sagittal and straight sinuses | Yes | No | Craniotomy | No | No | death | NA |
[57] | 21 | male | superior sagittal and straight sinuses | No | No | Post-traumatic | No | Yes | NA | NA |
[58] | 67 | male | superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus | No | No | Post-operative | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[59] | 28 | female | right lateral and the superior sagittal sinuses | No | No | Post-operative | Yes | No | improved | 3 months, improved |
[60] | 38 | female | left transverse-sigmoid sinus extending into the left internal jugular vein | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | NA | 1 year, NA |
[61] | 77 | male | superior sagittal sinus and right transverse sinus | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | death | NA |
[62] | 72 | male | right transverse and sigmoid sinus, left a lateral mass of the C1 vertebra | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[63] | 32 | male | right jugular and transverse venous sinus | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 6 months, NA |
[64] | 45 | female | right sigmoid and transverse sinuses | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | stable | Weeks, normal |
[65] | 57 | female | sagittal sinus | No | Yes | Idiopathic | No | No | stable | 18 months, some disability |
[66] | 30 | female | superior sagittal sinus, left transverse sinus | Yes | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 2,5 years, stable |
[67] | 44 | female | left transverse sinus, internal jugular vein, | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 1 month, normal |
[68] | 47 | female | sphenoparietal sinus and superficial middle cerebral vein | No | Yes | Idiopathic | No | No | improved | 6 months, some disability |
[69] | 35 | male | left cavernous sinus | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | NA |
[70] | 24 | male | sagittal sinus, the vein of Galen, straight sinus, left transverse sinus, and left sigmoid sinus | yes | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 2 Months, stable |
[71] | 21 | female | posterior part of superior sagittal sinus, left transverse sinus | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | NA | 25 Days, NA |
[72] | 31 | female | transverse sinuses, superior sagittal sinus, right internal jugular vein | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | NA | NA |
[73] | 46 | male | superior sagittal, draining veins, transverse, and sigmoid sinuses | Yes | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 6 months, stable |
[73] | 35 | male | superior sagittal sinus | Yes | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 4 months, stable |
[74] | 25 | male | superior sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, internal jugular vein | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | 3 months, stable |
[74] | 22 | female | superior sagittal, left transverse, left sigmoid, straight sinuses | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | 3 weeks, normal |
[75] | 46 | male | superior sagittal sinus, cortical veins, right lateral and sigmoid sinuses, transverse, internal jugular vein | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | 2 months, some disability |
[76] | 39 | female | straight sinus, left transverse-sigmoid and superior sagittal sinus | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | 1 month, normal |
[77] | 21 | female | Left venous sinuses, superior sagittal | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | 30 days, some disability |
[26] | 54 | female | superior sagittal, straight, right transverse, sigmoid sinuses | Yes | No | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | NA |
[78] | 26 | male | straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, torcula, transverse sinus, internal cerebral veins, a vein of Galen, vein of Rosenthal | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | improved | NA |
[78] | 32 | male | superior sagittal sinus | No | Yes | Idiopathic | Yes | Yes | NA | NA |
[79] | 67 | male | straight sinus | No | No | Idiopathic | Yes | No | improved | NA |
Inflammatory | Primary CNS Tumor | Post-Operative or Traumatic | Idiopathic | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N, (%) | 30 (39.5) | 6 (7.9) | 16 (21.1) | 24 (31.6) |
Mean age ± SD (range) | 33.7 ± 12.9 (18–75) | 45 ± 23.3 (21–75) | 36 ± 13.4 (20–67) | 40.3 ± 16 (21–77) |
Females N, (%) | 12 (40) | 1 (16.7) | 6 (37.5) | 12 (50) |
CVST-related Infarct N, (%) | 5 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (20.8) |
CVST-related Hemorrhage N, (%) | 3 (10) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (45.8) |
Anticoagulation N, (%) | 24 (82.8) | 6 (100) | 7 (43.8) | 22 (91.7) |
Thrombolysis or Endovascular Treatment N, (%) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (18.8) | 7 (29.2) |
Early outcome | NA | |||
Stable n/N (%) | 2/21 (9.5) | 0/10 (0) | 2/20 (10) | |
Improved n/N (%) | 18/21 (85.7) | 7/10 (70) | 17/20 (85) | |
Death n/N (%) | 1/21 (4.8) | 3/10 (30) | 1/20 (5) | |
Late outcome | ||||
Normal n/N (%) | 10/14 (71.4) | 0/2 (0) | 2/5 (40) | 4/13 (30.8) |
Stable n/N (%) | 3/14 (21.4) | 1/2 (50) | 2/5 (40) | 6/13 (36.2) |
Improved n/N (%) | 1/14 (7.1) | 0/0 (0) | 1/5 (20) | 3/13 (23.1) |
Death n/N (%) | 0/14 (0) | 1/2 (50) | 0/5 (0) | 0/13 (0) |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Theologou, R.; Nteveros, A.; Artemiadis, A.; Faropoulos, K. Rare Causes of Cerebral Venus Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review. Life 2023, 13, 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051178
Theologou R, Nteveros A, Artemiadis A, Faropoulos K. Rare Causes of Cerebral Venus Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review. Life. 2023; 13(5):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051178
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheologou, Rafaella, Antonios Nteveros, Artemios Artemiadis, and Konstantinos Faropoulos. 2023. "Rare Causes of Cerebral Venus Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review" Life 13, no. 5: 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051178