Abstract
In this manuscript, we introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy controlled metric-like spaces via continuous t-norms and continuous t-conorms. This new metric space is an extension to intuitionistic fuzzy controlled metric-like spaces, controlled metric-like spaces and controlled fuzzy metric spaces, and intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove some fixed-point theorems and we present non-trivial examples to illustrate our results. We used different techniques based on the properties of the considered spaces notably the symmetry of the metric. Moreover, we present an application to non-linear fractional differential equations.
1. Introduction
In today’s multifaceted environment, uncertainty and fuzziness are widespread in many applications. Zadeh [] pioneered the concept of fuzzy sets (FSs) to capture the ambiguity and fuzziness of information. Since its origin, many extensions of FSs have been proposed to better represent sophisticated information, including intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), picture FSs, q-rung orthopair FSs, and neutrosophic sets.
Recently, Harandi [] initiated the concept of metric-like spaces, which generalized the notion of metric spaces in a nice way. Alghamdi et al. [] used the concept metric-like spaces to introduce the notion of b-metric-like spaces. Mlaiki [] introduced the concept of controlled metric type spaces and proved various results. Mlaiki et al. [] proposed the notion of controlled metric-like spaces (CMLSs) and proved several results for contractive mappings.
Kramosil and Michalek [] proposed the approach of fuzzy metric spaces (FMSs), while George and Veeramani [] introduced the concept of FMSs. Garbiec [] gave the fuzzy interpretation of the Banach contraction principle in FMSs. Dey and Saha [] gave an extension of the Banach fixed point theorem in the context of FMSs. Nadaban [] introduced the notion of fuzzy b-metric spaces (FBMSs) and proved several theorems. Schweizer and Sklar [] carried out some work for statistical metric spaces. Gregory and Sapena [] proved various fixed-point results in the context of FMSs. Mehmood et al. [] initiated the notion of fuzzy extended b-metric space (FEBMS). Recently, Sezen [] generalized the concept of controlled type metric spaces and introduced the concept of Controlled fuzzy metric spaces (CFMS). In this sequel, Shukla and Abbas [] generalized the concept of metric-like spaces and introduced fuzzy metric-like spaces (FMLSs). Javed et al. [] proposed fuzzy b-metric-like spaces. Shukla et al. [] proposed an amazing notion of 1-M complete FMSs and proved various theorems.
The approach of intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces (IFMSs) via continuous t-norms and continuous t-conorms was presented by Park in []. Rafi and Noorani [] proved several fixed-point results in the context of IFMSs. Sintunavarat and Kumam [] proved fixed point theorems for a generalized intuitionistic fuzzy contraction in IFMSs. Later, Konwar [] presented intuitionistic fuzzy b-metric space (IFBMS). Alaca et al. [] and Mohamad [] proved several fixed-point results. Saadati and Park [] did amazing work on intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. In addition, Sezen in [], introduced the concept of controlled fuzzy metric spaces.
The goal of this manuscript is to introduce intuitionistic fuzzy controlled metric-like spaces (IFCMLSs) by using the approach in [], also to extend various fixed point (FP) results for contraction mappings, which is an improvement of the present literature’s methodology using different techniques based on the properties of contractions and the considered metric such as the triangle inequality and the symmetry. In closing, and inspired by work carried out in [,,,,], we present an application of our results to fractional differential equations.
2. Preliminaries
Now, we start this section by listing various helpful definitions for readers and be used in this study.
Definition 1
([]).A binary operationis called a continuous t-norm (CTN) if:
- (a1)
- (b1)
- is continuous.
- (c1)
- (d1)
- (e1)
- Ifandwiththen
Definition 2
([]).A binary operationis called a continuous t-conorm (CTCN) if:
- (i).
- (ii).
- is continuous.
- (iii).
- (iv).
- (v).
- Ifandwiththen
Definition 3
([]).LetA mappingfulfilling the following assertions:
- a.
- b.
- c.
for all Then is called a metric-like space.
Definition 4
([]).LetA functionand a mappingfulfilling the following assertions:
- I.
- II.
- III.
for allThenis named a CMLS.
Definition 5
([]).Let. Supposebe a CTN andbe a FS on. A three tupleis called FMLS, if it is fulfilling the following assertions, for all:
- (F1).
- (F2).
- (F3).
- (F4).
- (F5).
- is continuous.
Definition 6
([]).Let. Supposebe a CTN,be a CTCN,andbe FSs on. Ifverifies the following for all
- (C1).
- (C2).
- (C3).
- (C4).
- (C5).
- (C6).
- is a non decreasing (ND) function of ;
- (C7).
- (C8).
- (C9).
- (C10).
- (C11).
- is a non increasing (NI) function of and
Then is an IFBMS.
3. Main Results
In this section, we present the concept of an IFCMLS and prove several FP results.
Definition 7.
Suppose, assume a five tuplewhereis a CTN,is a CTCN,andare FS on. Ifmeet the below circumstances for all
- (CL1).
- (CL2).
- (CL3).
- (CL4).
- (CL5).
- (CL6).
- is ND function ofand
- (CL7).
- (CL8).
- (CL9).
- (CL10).
- (CL11).
- is NI function ofand
Then is an IFCMLS.
Example 1.
Letbe a function given byDefineas,
In addition,
Then is an IFCMLS with CTN and CTCN
Proof.
(CL1)–(CL4), (CL6)–(CL9) and (CL11) are obvious, here we prove (CL5) and (CL10)
On the other hand,
In addition,
That is,
Then it satisfied, for all Hence,
Now,
On the other hand,
In addition,
That is,
Then it satisfied, for all Hence,
Similarly, all other cases can be investigated. Hence, is an IFCMLS. □
Remark 1.
The preceding example satisfied as well for CTNand CTCN
Example 2.
Letbe a function given byDefineas,
In addition,
Then is an IFCMLS with CTN and CTCN
Proof.
It is not difficult to check. □
Proposition 1.
Letandbe a function given byDefineas,
Then is an intuitionistic fuzzy controlled metric-like space with CTN and CTCN
Remark 2.
The above proposition also satisfied for CTNand CTCN
Proposition 2.
Letandbe a function given byDefineas,
Then is an IFCMLS with CTN and CTCN
Example 3.
Letby,
for all define CTN “” by and CTCN “” by and define “” by,
Then be an IFCMLS.
Proof.
(CL1)–(CL4), (CL6)–(CL9) and (CL11) are obvious, here we prove (CL5) and (CL10)
This implies,
Then,
Therefore,
This implies,
Then,
This implies,
This implies,
Then,
Hence,
(CL5) is satisfied.
Therefore,
Then,
This implies,
Hence,
(CL10) is satisfied. □
Definition 8.
Letis an IFCMLS. Then,
- (i).
- A sequence in is said to be G-Cauchy sequence (GCS) if and only if for all , exists and is finite.
- (ii).
- A sequence in is named to be G-convergent(GC) toin, if and only if for all
- (iii).
- A IFCMLS is named to be complete iff each GCS is convergent, i.e.,
Theorem 1.
Supposebe a G-complete IFCMLS in the company ofand suppose that,
for all and . Let be a mapping satisfying,
for all , and , where Furthermore, assume that for every
In addition,
exists and are finite, where, for all and be arbitrary point of Then has a unique FP.
Proof.
Let be an arbitrary point of and define a sequence by , Using for all we examine,
In addition,
We obtain,
for any (CL5) and (CL10), we deduce,
In addition,
In addition,
Using (1), we deduce,
In addition,
i.e., is a GCS. Therefore, is a G-complete IFCMLS, there exists,
Now examine that is a FP of , using (CL5), (CL10) and (1), we deduce,
and,
Hence, a FP. To examine uniqueness, assume that for some , then,
In addition,
by using (CL3) and (CL8) □
Definition 9.
Letbe a IFCMLS. A mapis intuitionistic fuzzy controlled (IFC) contraction if there exists, such that,
In addition,
for all
Now, we prove the theorem for IFCMLS.
Theorem 2.
Letbe a G-complete IFCMLS withand suppose that,
for all and . Let be an IFC contraction. Further, suppose that for every
In addition,
exist and are finite, where, for allandbe arbitrary point of
Then has a unique FP.
Proof.
Let is an arbitrary point of and define a sequence by , Using Equations and for all we acquire,
Continuing in this way, we acquire,
We obtain,
In addition,
For any (CL5) and (CL10), we deduce,
In addition,
In addition,
Therefore,
In addition,
i.e., is a GCS. Since be a G-complete IFCMLS, there exists,
Now examine that is a FP of , using (CL5) and (CL10), we deduce,
Using above inequality, we obtain,
, and,
This shows that a FP. To examine the uniqueness, assume that for some , then,
a contradiction, and,
a contradiction. Therefore, we must have , hence □
Example 4.
Let. Define ϕ by,
Furthermore, take,
with Then is a G-complete IFCMLS. Observe that exists and finite. Defineby,
Then we have for cases:
- If
- If
- If
- If
In all (I)–(IV) cases,
are satisfied for , and also,
satisfied for
Observe that and exists and finite. Furthermore, observe that all circumstances of Theorems 1 and 2 are fulfilled, and 0 is a unique FP of .
Open Problem 1.
It is related to dealing with the Kannan contraction, Chatterjee contraction and Suzuki contraction in the sense of IFCMLS.
4. Application to Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
In present section, we aim to apply Theorem 3 to obtain the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a nonlinear fractional differential equation (NFDE),
with the boundary conditions,
where is a number, is the Caputo fractional derivative and is a continuous function. Let denote the space of all continuous functions defined on equipped with the CTN and CTCN for all and define an IFCMLS on as follows:
for all and with the control function,
Observe that solves (10) whenever solves the below integral equation:
Theorem 3.
The integral operatoris given by,
where fulfilling the following criteria:
Then NFDE has a unique solution in X.
Proof.
where,
Therefore, the above inequality,
In addition,
for some Observe that the conditions of the Theorem 1 are fulfilled. Resultantly, has a unique fixed point; accordingly, the specified NFDE has a unique solution. □
5. Conclusions
We present intuitionistic fuzzy controlled metric-like spaces in this paper and established several new types of fixed-point theorems in this new context. Moreover, we provided non-trivial examples and an application to non-linear fractional differential equations is given to demonstrate the viability of the proposed method. Our findings and concepts expand and generalize the existing literature. The structures of intuitionistic fuzzy double controlled metric-like spaces, intuitionistic pentagonal fuzzy controlled metric-like spaces, and neutrosophic controlled metric-like spaces etc. can all be extended using this study.
Author Contributions
F.U.: writing—original draft, methodology; U.I.: conceptualization, super-vision, writing—original draft; K.J.: conceptualization, writing—original draft; S.S.A.: methodology, writing—original draft; M.A.: conceptualization, supervision, writing—original draft; N.S.: concep-tualization, supervision, writing—original draft, N.M.: investigation, writing—original draft. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
The authors S. Subhi and N. Mlaiki want to thank Prince Sultan University for paying the publication fees for this work through TAS LAB.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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