Genes, Volume 17, Issue 1

Background/Objectives: The arrangement and positioning of genes on chromosomes are non-random in plant genomes. Adjacent gene pairs often exhibit similar co-expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms. However, the genomic and epigenetic features i...

Background: Peperomia leptostachya is a herbaceous plant with significant medicinal value. To elucidate its mitochondrial genomic characteristics, this study conducted a systematic analysis. Methods: The mitochondrial genome of P. leptostachya w...

The gut microbiome is defined as the collective assembly of microbial communities inhabiting the gut, along with their genes and metabolic products. The gut microbiome systematically regulates host metabolism, immunity, and neuroendocrine homeostasis...

Background: Black spot disease severely constrains Chinese cabbage production. Methods: To elucidate the defence mechanisms underlying this response, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles were analysed in leaves of the Chinese cabbage line 904B at...

Objective: To develop and validate a genetic diagnostic model for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: First, differential expression genes (DEGs) between colorectal cancer and normal groups were screened using the TCGA database. Subsequently, a two-sam...

This review synthesizes advances in nondestructive DNA extraction from teeth, emphasizing their importance in forensics and archaeogenetics. Because of their mineralized structure and resistance to diagenesis, teeth remain vital for human identificat...

Background: The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) occurs in a wide range from north and east Africa, through southwest Asia to India, but its distribution is increasingly patchy and many of its populations are in decline due to intense human pressure. It...

Background: Intrachromosomal rearrangements in birds play a subtle but important role in shaping genomic evolution, phenotypic diversity and speciation. However, the avian sex chromosome system (homogametic ZZ males; heterogametic ZW females) remains...

Joint acidosis is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of cellular behavior in osteoarthritis (OA). Declines in extracellular pH (pHe) occur across cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone, where they influence inflammation,...

Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules influence the adaptive response to exercise, but how lncRNA responses differ between endurance and resistance exercise (RE) modalities is poorly understood....

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are intensively investigated in oncology owing to their intrinsic tumor-homing ability and capacity to deliver therapeutic agents directly into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent advances in genetic engineering...

Background. Eriobotrya seguinii (Lév.) Cardot ex Guillaumin (Rosaceae, Maleae) is native to China and inhabits various altitudes within the subtropical biome of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The complexity of the plant mitogenome has impeded a s...

Background: Optical genome mapping (OGM) detects genome-wide structural variants (SVs), including balanced rearrangements and complex copy-number alterations beyond standard-of-care cytogenomic assays. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), cytogenet...

Background/Objectives: Whole exome sequencing (WES) is an effective method for detecting disease-causing variants. However, copy number variation (CNV) detection using WES data often has limited sensitivity and high false-positive rates. Methods: In...

Background: Interstitial deletions of the short arm of chromosome 12 are rare, and very little is known about the potential genetic basis of the most common phenotypic presentations to date described in the literature. Methods: In the present study,...

Background/Objectives: Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PiCM) is a recognized complication of chronic right ventricular pacing (RVP), characterized by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, adverse remodeling, and progression to heart failure. MicroRNAs (m...

Background: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly variable sequences present along the human genome, including the Y-chromosome. Y-STRs are exclusive to males, and the haplotypes they define are informative. Objectives: Twenty-six Y-STR loci were ge...

Aim: To report on the clinical and genetic spectrum of retinopathy associated with CDHR1 variants in a Hungarian cohort. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary care referral center. The study enrolled nine patients h...

Background/Objectives: In 2023, we reported that the tamarins (genus Saguinus) Saguinus imperator and Saguinus midas have had an extensive independent expansion of Platy-1 SINEs compared to previously characterized platyrrhine genomes among tradition...

Background: Molecular testing is recommended to refine risk stratification in indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III–IV), but data on dual-gene (BRAF and RAS) testing using fresh FNA washout specimens are limited. We aimed to evaluate the...

Background: The predictive performance of pre-screening phenotype-based algorithms in selecting patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), one of the main causes of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and dementia, more likely to harbor clinic...

Background: This study presents the sequencing and analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes from nine early medieval horse remains excavated across archaeological sites in Silesia region in present day Poland. Methods: Using aDNA extraction prot...

Background: Tic spectrum disorder (TSD), encompassing Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder, is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition with complex genetic and environmental contributions. Heritable components have been implicated in TSD...

Background: Plant architecture, particularly branching patterns, plays a crucial role in plant growth, photosynthetic performance, and yield. Spur-type apple, characterized by compact growth, early fruiting, high productivity, and manageable canopy s...

Terpenes are major determinants of tea aroma, and terpene synthases (TPSs) catalyze key steps in terpenoid biosynthesis. To capture gene-family variation beyond a single reference, we performed a pan-genome–based analysis of TPS genes across ni...

Background: Sheep (Ovis aries) exhibit significant diversity in adipose tissue deposition, which influences meat quality, environmental adaptation, and economic value. Tail fat, in particular, varies widely among breeds, yet the transcriptomic basis...

Background: Solenopsis invicta, commonly known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA), is an important global invasive pest, and its management is challenging because of insecticide resistance and environmental problems. Methods: In this research, we ap...

Background:The genus Artocarpus includes about 70 species, such as the economically important jackfruit and breadfruit, which serve as vital sources of food, timber, and medicine in the tropics. However, systematic research and genetic improvement ha...

Background: The zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factor family exerts pivotal regulatory functions in plant development and stress responses, yet a systematic genome-wide survey is lacking for Rosa chinensis. Methods: In this study, we p...

Background/Objectives: Chemical methods for quantifying resistant starch (RS) in rice are labor-intensive, costly, and lack high repeatability, creating a bottleneck in breeding. This study aimed to develop specific, codominant molecular markers for...

We thank Dr. George Sangster and Dr. Jolanda A. Luksenburg for their careful assessment concerning the mitochondrial genome sequence of Haliastur indus (GenBank accession number: OP133375.1) [...]

The quality and authenticity of DNA sequences have long been points of concern for molecular biologists and systematists [...]

Background: Varroa destructor is the major threat to honey bee health, and selective breeding for resistance traits such as Varroa-sensitive hygiene represents a promising long-term strategy for controlling mite populations. However, breeding program...

The authors would like to correct a mitochondrial genome assembly error identified in Haliastur indus in their original paper [...]

Background/Objectives. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and represents a major public health problem. Genetic factors contribute to AF susceptibility, including variants associated with atrial remodeling. Metho...

Background: Low-temperature stress represents a significant constraint on rice production, especially during the germination stage. Consequently, comprehending the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance is of utmost importance for the breeding of resil...

Neurons have exceptionally high energy demands, sustained by thousands to millions of mitochondria per cell. Each mitochondrion depends on the integrity of its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes essential electron transport chain (ETC) subunits...

Background: Coffin–Siris syndrome 12 (CSS12) is a recently described neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in BICRA, a gene encoding a core subunit of the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin-remodeling complex....

Background/Objectives: Southeastern Europe and Croatia have served as a genetic crossroads between the Near East and Europe since prehistoric times, shaped by numerous and repeated migrations. By integrating 19 newly generated ancient genomes with 28...

Background: This study systematically investigates the therapeutic effects of naringenin (NAR) and oleuropein (OLE) on prostate cancer through miR-155-5p regulation. Methods: Experimental studies conducted on MAT-LyLu prostate cancer cell lines revea...

Background: Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a combinatorial process involving serine/arginine-rich (SR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) splicing factors. These proteins can silence or enhance splicing based on their expression le...

Background: The coordinated improvement of yield, quality and resistance is a primary goal in rice breeding. Gene editing technology is a novel method for precise multiplex gene improvement. Methods: In this study, we constructed a multiplex CRISPR/C...

Background: The family Cyprinidae is predominantly restricted to freshwater habitats, making the evolution of diadromy and seawater adaptation exceptionally rare within this group. Pseudaspius hakonensis, a rare anadromous cyprinid, and its strictly...

Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume crop of nutritional and economic value across Africa. Genetic improvements of the crop to enhance productivity and resilience depend on understanding the diversity within th...

Background: Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by pathogenic variants in TMPRSS6, characterized by microcytic anemia, low circulating iron levels, and inappropriately high hepcidin levels. Although IRI...

Background/Objectives: Sex-specific differences in the mechanisms of acute liver injury remain poorly understood. CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) is crucial for liver development and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Thi...

Background: The STAT4 gene plays a key role in immune regulation and is associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives: The objective of this study is to anal...

Background/Objectives: Active surveillance (AS) has become the standard of care for many men with localised prostate cancer, aiming to avoid the overtreatment of indolent disease while maintaining oncological safety. Despite improvements in diagnosti...

Background: Due to variability in patterns of consumption as well as well-known difficulties in obtaining valid self-report from heavy drinkers, quantifying the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on mortality is challenging. Using a DNA methylation...

Background: Variants in the GBA gene represent the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease and are associated with a more aggressive disease course. Deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for advanced Parkinson’s...