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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 10
10.3390/agronomy15102377
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Genome-Wide Analysis of NLP Genes in Peanut Reveals Significant Roles of AhNINa and AhNINb in Root Nodule Development

by
Hongfeng Wang
1,
Yan Ren
1,
Guanghui Chen
1,
Lijun Wu
1,
Yanchen Tian
2,
Yiteng Xu
3,
Zhichao Lu
3,
Yue Wu
1,
Fudong Zhan
1,
Hongwei Wang
4,* and
Mei Yuan
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology, Genetic & Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
3
The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2025, 15(10), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15102377 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 August 2025 / Revised: 5 October 2025 / Accepted: 9 October 2025 / Published: 11 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Breeding and Genetics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient for plant growth and crop production, but it is not directly accessible to plants without the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Legume plants can form root nodules in symbiosis with rhizobia. NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), a founding member of the NIN-like protein (NLP) family, is essential for nodulation in legume species. However, the knowledge of functional characteristics of the NLP family members in peanuts is limited. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of the NLP genes was carried out. A total of 16 NLP genes were identified in the peanut genome, including 2 AhNIN and 14 AhNLP, which were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes of the peanut genome. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles and expression pattern analysis showed that both AhNINa and AhNINb genes were specifically expressed in root nodules. Subcellar localization and transcriptional activity analysis revealed that both AhNINa and AhNINb encode transcriptional activators. In addition, the roots that down-regulated the expression of AhNINa and AhNINb genes failed to form nodules. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular functions of AhNINa and AhNINb genes in regulating peanut nodule development.
Keywords: peanut; NLP gene family; AhNINa; AhNINb; nodule development peanut; NLP gene family; AhNINa; AhNINb; nodule development

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, H.; Ren, Y.; Chen, G.; Wu, L.; Tian, Y.; Xu, Y.; Lu, Z.; Wu, Y.; Zhan, F.; Wang, H.; et al. Genome-Wide Analysis of NLP Genes in Peanut Reveals Significant Roles of AhNINa and AhNINb in Root Nodule Development. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15102377

AMA Style

Wang H, Ren Y, Chen G, Wu L, Tian Y, Xu Y, Lu Z, Wu Y, Zhan F, Wang H, et al. Genome-Wide Analysis of NLP Genes in Peanut Reveals Significant Roles of AhNINa and AhNINb in Root Nodule Development. Agronomy. 2025; 15(10):2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15102377

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Hongfeng, Yan Ren, Guanghui Chen, Lijun Wu, Yanchen Tian, Yiteng Xu, Zhichao Lu, Yue Wu, Fudong Zhan, Hongwei Wang, and et al. 2025. "Genome-Wide Analysis of NLP Genes in Peanut Reveals Significant Roles of AhNINa and AhNINb in Root Nodule Development" Agronomy 15, no. 10: 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15102377

APA Style

Wang, H., Ren, Y., Chen, G., Wu, L., Tian, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, Z., Wu, Y., Zhan, F., Wang, H., & Yuan, M. (2025). Genome-Wide Analysis of NLP Genes in Peanut Reveals Significant Roles of AhNINa and AhNINb in Root Nodule Development. Agronomy, 15(10), 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15102377

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