S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Genetic Analyses
2.3. Weather Data
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phenology
3.2. S-Genotyping
3.3. Allele Polymorphism
3.4. Identifying Most Successful Pollinizers
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Hjeltnes, S.H.; Vercammen, J.; Gomand, A.; Mage, F.; Roen, D. High potential in new Norwegian bred pear cultivars. Acta Hort. 2015, 1094, 111–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gasi, F.; Pojskic, N.; Kurtovic, M.; Kaiser, C.; Hjeltnes, S.H.; Fotiric Aksic, M.; Meland, M. Pollinizer Efficacy of Several ‘Ingeborg’ Pear Pollinizers in Hardanger, Norway, Examined Using Microsatellite Markers. Hortscience 2017, 52, 1722–1727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farkas, A.; Orosz-Kovacs, Z. Nectar secretion dynamics of Hungarian local pear cultivars. Plant Syst. Evol. 2003, 238, 57–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Quinet, M.; Warzee, M.; Vanderplanck, M.; Michez, D.; Lognay, G.; Jacquemart, A.L. Do floral resources influence pollination rates and subsequent fruit set in pear (Pyrus communis L.) and apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) cultivars? Eur. J. Agron. 2016, 77, 59–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Claessen, H.; Keulemans, W.; Poel, B.V.; Storme, M. Finding a compatible partner: Self-incompatibility in European pear (Pyrus communis); molecular control, genetic determination, and impact on fertilization and fruit set. Front. Plant Sci. 2019, 10, 407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Westwood, M.N. Temperate-zone pomology. In Physiology and Culture; Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA, 1993; p. 536. [Google Scholar]
- Goldway, M.; Zisovich, A.; Raz, A.; Stern, R.A. Understanding the gametophytic self-incompatibility system and its impact on European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivation. Acta Hortic. 2008, 800, 109–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wertheim, S.J.; Schmid, H. Flowering, pollination and fruit set. In Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree; Tromp, J., Webster, A.D., Wertheim, S.J., Eds.; Backhuys: Kerkwerve, The Netherlands, 2005; pp. 216–239. [Google Scholar]
- Crane, M.B.; Lewis, D. Genetical studies in pears. III. Incompatibility and sterility. J. Genet. 1942, 43, 31–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Webster, A.D. Factors influencing the flowering, fruit set and fruit growth of European pears. Acta Hort. 2002, 596, 699–709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zisovich, A.; Stern, R.; Shafir, S.; Goldway, M. Fertilisation efficiency of semi- and fully-compatible European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 2005, 80, 143–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schneider, D.; Stern, R.A.; Goldway, M. A comparison between semi- and fully compatible apple pollinators grown under suboptimal pollination conditions. Hort. Sci. 2005, 40, 1280–1282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanzol, J.; Robbins, T.P. Combined analysis of s-alleles in European pear by pollinations and PCR based S-genotyping: Correlation between S phenotypes and S-Rnase genotype. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 2008, 133, 213–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goldway, M.; Stern, R.; Zisovich, A.; Raz, A.; Sapir, G.; Schnieder, D.; Nyska, R. The self-incompatibility system in Rosaceae: Agricultural and genetic aspects. Acta Hortic. 2012, 967, 77–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mota, M.; Tavares, L.; Oliveira, C.M. Identification of S-alleles in pear (Pyrus communis L) cv. ‘Rocha’ and other European cultivars. Sci. Hort. 2007, 113, 13–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Quinet, M.; Kelecom, S.; Jacquemart, A.L. S-genotype characterization of 13 north western European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars. Sci. Hort. 2014, 165, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanzol, J. Genomic characterization of self-incompatibility ribonucleases in European pear cultivars and development of PCR detection for 20 alleles. Tree Genet. Genomes 2009, 5, 393–405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mattison, H.; Sehic, J.; Nybom, H. Severely pollen-limited fruit set in a pear (Pyrus communis) orchard revealed by yield assessments and DNA-based paternity assignment of seedlings. Int. J. Hortic. Sci. 2007, 13, 67–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nybom, H.; Sehic, J.; Mattisson, H. DNA-based determination of suitable pollinating cultivars for the pear cultivar’Carola’(Pyrus communis). Int. J. Hortic. Sci 2007, 13, 15–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meland, M.; Froynes, O.; Fotiric Aksic, M.; Pojskic, N.; Kalamujic Stroil, B.K.; Lasic, L.; Gasi, F. Identifying Pollen Donors and Success Rate of Individual Pollinizers in European Plum (Prunus domestica L. ) Using Microsatellite Markers. Agronomie 2020, 10, 264. [Google Scholar]
- Decroocq, V.; Hagen, L.S.; Fave, M.G.; Eyquard, J.P.; Pierronnet, A. Microsatellite markers in the hexaploid Prunus domestica species and parentage lineage of three European plum cultivars using nuclear and chloroplast simple-sequence repeats. Mol. Breed. 2004, 13, 135–142. [Google Scholar]
- Kimura, T.; Sawamura, Y.; Kotobuki, K.; Matsuta, N.; Hayashi, T.; Ban, Y.; Yamamoto, T. Parentage analysis in pear cultivars characterized by SSR marker. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci. 2003, 72, 182–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pearson, W.R. Using the FASTA program to search protein and DNA sequence databases. In Computer Analysis of Sequence Data; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 1994; pp. 307–331. [Google Scholar]
- Benson, D.A.; Karsch-Mizrachi, I.; Lipman, D.J.; Ostell, J.; Wheeler, D.L. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31, 23–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cullings, K.W. Design and testing of a plant-specific PCR primer for ecological and evolutionary studies. Mol. Ecol. 1992, 1, 233–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doyle, J.; Doyle, J.L. Genomic plant DNA preparation from fresh tissue–The CTAB method. Phytochem. Bull. 1987, 19, 11. [Google Scholar]
- Padmalatha, K.; Jayaram, K.; Prasad, M.N.V. A Rapid Protocol for the Isolation of Polysaccharide- and Polyphenolic-Free Genomic DNA for RAPD Analysis of Threatened Medicinal Plants. Med. Aromather. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. 2008, 2, 50–53. [Google Scholar]
- Gianfranceschi, L.; Seglia, N.; Tarchini, R.; Komjanc, M.; Gessler, C. Simple sequence repeats for the genetic analyses of apple. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1998, 96, 1069–1079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liebhard, R.; Gianfranceschi, L.; Koller, B.; Ryder, C.D.; Tarchini, R.; Van De Weg, E.; Gessler, C. Development and characterization of 140 new microsatellite in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Mol. Breed. 2002, 10, 217–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernandez-Fernandez, F.; Harvey, N.G.; James, C.M. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from European pear (Pyrus communis L.). Mol. Ecol. Notes 2006, 6, 1039–1041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gasi, F.; Kurtovic, M.; Kalamujic, B.; Pojskic, N.; Grahic, J.; Kasier, C.; Meland, M. Assessment of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genetic resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina using microsatellite markers. Sci. Hort. 2013, 157, 74–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rannala, B.; Mountain, J.L. Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 9197–9201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Piry, S.; Alapetite, A.; Cornuet, J.M.; Paetkau, D.; Baudouin, L.; Estoup, A. GeneClass2: A Software for Genetic Assignment and First-Generation Migrant Detection. J. Hered. 2004, 95, 536–539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tromp, J.; Borsboom, O. The effect of autumn and spring temperature on fruit set and on the effective pollination period in apple and pear. Sci. Hort. 1994, 60, 23–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meier, U.; Graf, H.; Hack, H.; Hess, M.; Kennel, W.; Klose, R.; Mappes, D.; Seipp, D.; Stauss, R.; Streif, J.; et al. Phänologische Entwick-lungsstadien des Kernobstes (Malus domestica Borkh. und Pyrus communis L.), des Steinobstes (Prunus-Arten), der Johannisbeere (Ribes-Arten) und der Erdbeere (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Nachr. des Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzd. 1994, 46, 141–153. [Google Scholar]
- Goldway, M.; Takasaki, T.; Sanzol, J.; Mota, M.; Zisovich, A.H.; Stern, R.A.; Sansavini, S. Renumbering the S-Rnase alleles of European pears (Pyrus communis L.) and cloning the S109 Rnase allele. Sci. Hort. 2009, 119, 417–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tubiello, F.N.; Soussana, J.F.; Howden, S.M. Crop and pasture response to climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 19686–19690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nei, M. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics; Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Cerovic, R.; Fotiric Aksic, M.; Meland, M. Success Rate of Individual Pollinizers for the Pear Cultivars “Ingeborg” an “Celina” in a Nordic Climate. Agronomy 2020, 10, 970. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fotiric, M.A.; Tosti, T.; Nedic, N.; Markovic, M.; Licina, V.; Milojkovic-Opsenica, D.; Tesic, Z. Influence of frost damage on the sugars and sugar alcohol composition in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Floral nectar. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2015, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fotiric, M.A.; Colic, S.; Meland, M.; Natic, M. Sugar and Polyphenolic Diversity in Floral Nectar of Cherry. In Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry; Merillon, J.M., Ramawat, K., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meglic, V.; Pipan, B. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Brassica Napus L Maintaining Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow Potential: An Empirical Evaluation; In Brassica Germplasm: Characterization, Breeding and Utilization, El-Esawi, M.A., Eds.; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2018; p. 27. [Google Scholar]
‘Celina’ | ‘Fritjof’ | ‘Anna’ | ‘Clara Frijs’ | ‘Herzogin Elsa’ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orchard 1 | 17% | 50% | 33% | - | - |
Orchard 2 | 92% | * | 4% | 2% | 2% |
Orchard 3 | 87% | * | 3% | 5% | 5% |
Season | ‘Celina’ | ‘Fritjof’ | ‘Anna’ | ‘Clara Frijs’ | ‘Herzogin Else’ | ‘Kristina’ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | First flower open | 15 May | 15 May | 11 May | 12 May | 13 May | 13 May |
Full bloom | 19 May | 19 May | 14 May | 15 May | 16 May | 18 May | |
Petal fall | 28 May | 27 May | 21 May | 21 May | 22 May | 23 May | |
2018 | First flower open | 13 May | 12 May | 11 May | 12 May | 12 May | 11 May |
Full bloom | 15 May | 14 May | 12 May | 13 May | 13 May | 13 May | |
Petal fall | 26 May | 23 May | 20 May | 21 May | 21 May | 20 May |
Genotype | S Allele Profile | |
---|---|---|
‘Celina’ | S101 | S115 |
‘Fritjof’ | S101 | S119 |
‘Anna’ | S105 | S108 |
‘Clara Frijs’ | S101 | S105 |
‘Herzogin Elsa’ | S101 | S111 |
‘Kristina’ | S101 | S121 |
Pollinizers and ‘Celina’ Seeds | ‘Celina’ Seeds 2017 | ‘Celina’ Seeds 2018 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locus Code | Size Range (bp) | Na | He | Na | He | Na | He |
CH02b10 | 120/155 | 5 | 0.60 | 2 | 0.50 | 2 | 0.50 |
EMPc117 | 97/129 | 6 | 0.76 | 4 | 0.67 | 2 | 0.50 |
CH05e03 | 164/184 | 2 | 0.33 | 2 | 0.28 | 2 | 0.44 |
CH02c02 | 130/154 | 4 | 0.65 | 3 | 0.50 | 3 | 0.61 |
EMPc11 | 138/149 | 3 | 0.23 | 2 | 0.28 | 2 | 0.28 |
CH03d12 | 107/111 | 3 | 0.57 | 3 | 0.61 | 2 | 0.50 |
CH02c11 | 213/239 | 4 | 0.72 | 2 | 0.50 | 3 | 0.61 |
CH01d03 | 133/155 | 4 | 0.71 | 4 | 0.67 | 2 | 0.50 |
CH01f07a | 175/190 | 4 | 0.73 | 4 | 0.67 | 2 | 0.50 |
CH04e03 | 178/202 | 2 | 0.44 | 2 | 0.44 | 2 | 0.50 |
CH01d09 | 135/160 | 8 | 0.77 | 3 | 0.61 | 3 | 0.61 |
Mean | 4.1 | 0.59 | 2.8 | 0.52 | 2.3 | 0.51 |
ASSIGNMENT–Score (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | ‘Fritjof’ | ‘Anna’ | ‘Clara Frijs’ | ‘Herzogin Elsa’ | ‘Kristina’ | |
Orchard 1 | 2017 | 47.10 | 42.73 | - | - | 10.17 |
2018 | 15.28 | 84.71 | - | - | - | |
Orchard 2 | 2017 | 56.06 | - | - | 43.93 | - |
2018 | 11.03 | 72.29 | 12.36 | 4.32 | - | |
Orchard 3 | 2017 | 6.10 | 72.03 | 21.55 | - | - |
2018 | 79.66 | 10.65 | 9.10 | - | - |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gasi, F.; Frøynes, O.; Kalamujić Stroil, B.; Lasić, L.; Pojskić, N.; Fotirić Akšić, M.; Meland, M. S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091372
Gasi F, Frøynes O, Kalamujić Stroil B, Lasić L, Pojskić N, Fotirić Akšić M, Meland M. S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’. Agronomy. 2020; 10(9):1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091372
Chicago/Turabian StyleGasi, Fuad, Oddmund Frøynes, Belma Kalamujić Stroil, Lejla Lasić, Naris Pojskić, Milica Fotirić Akšić, and Mekjell Meland. 2020. "S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’" Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091372
APA StyleGasi, F., Frøynes, O., Kalamujić Stroil, B., Lasić, L., Pojskić, N., Fotirić Akšić, M., & Meland, M. (2020). S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’. Agronomy, 10(9), 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091372