Synthesis and Evaluation of Scalable D-A-D π-Extended Oligomers as p-Type Organic Materials for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
by
Peshawa Osw 1,2, Andrea Nitti 1
, Media N. Abdullah 2, Samuel I. Etkind 3, Jeremiah Mwaura 4, Alessandro Galbiati 5 and Dario Pasini 1,*
Peshawa Osw 1,2, Andrea Nitti 1, Media N. Abdullah 2, Samuel I. Etkind 3, Jeremiah Mwaura 4, Alessandro Galbiati 5 and Dario Pasini 1,*
1
Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, 44001 Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
3
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
5
New Polyurethane Technologies s.r.l., Via Stazione 12, 27030 Villanova D’ardenghi, Pavia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2020, 12(3), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030720 (registering DOI)
Received: 4 February 2020 / Revised: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 March 2020 / Published: 24 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Simulation of Soft Matter with EUSMI)
The synthesis and characterization of four novel donor-acceptor-donor π-extended oligomers, incorporating naphtha(1–b)thiophene-4-carboxylate or benzo(b)thieno(3,2-g) benzothiophene-4-carboxylate 2-octyldodecyl esters as end-capping moieties, and two different conjugated core fragments, is reported. The end-capping moieties are obtained via a cascade sequence of sustainable organic reactions, and then coupled to benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole and its difluoro derivative as the electron-poor π-conjugated cores. The optoelectronic properties of the oligomers are reported. The novel compounds revealed good film forming properties, and when tested in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell devices in combination with PC61BM, revealed good fill factors, but low efficiencies, due to their poor absorption profiles.
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Keywords:
Cascade organic reactions; π-conjugated oligomers; direct arylation; organic electronics; fused aromatic rings; organic photovoltaics; bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells
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MDPI and ACS Style
Osw, P.; Nitti, A.; Abdullah, M.N.; Etkind, S.I.; Mwaura, J.; Galbiati, A.; Pasini, D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Scalable D-A-D π-Extended Oligomers as p-Type Organic Materials for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Polymers 2020, 12, 720.
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