In situ Fabrication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silica Hybrid Colloidosomes by Pickering Emulsion Templating Using Trialkoxysilanes of Opposite Polarity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Buffers
2.2. Preparation of Silica Dispersions
2.3. Pickering Emulsions by In Situ Functionalization of Silica
2.4. Preparation of Control Samples
2.5. Determination of Emulsion Stability and Emulsification Ability
2.6. Bright Field Optical Microscopy
2.7. Fluorescence Labelling of MWNT Surface Functional Groups
2.8. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
2.9. High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM)
2.10. Cryogenic-Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.11. Electrical Resistance Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preparation of MWNT/Silica Pickering Emulsions By In Situ Functionalization of Silica
3.2. Localization of MWNTs at the O/W Interface as Revealed by CLSM
3.3. Morphology and Shell Thickness of the MWNT/Silica Microcapsules
3.4. Highly Interconnected Porous Structures Form in Solid State
3.5. Electrical Resistance Measurements of the MWNT/Silica Films
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
wt% SiO2 | Mean Droplet Diameter (±Standard Deviation)/μm | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 vol% Toluene | 20 vol% Toluene | 30 vol% Toluene | 50 vol% Toluene | ||
1 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 9.9 (±6.4) | 16.8 (±8.6) | 15.9 (±13.0) | 28.7 (±20.1) |
1 | 5.9 (±2.7) | 13.9 (±6.5) | 18.3 (±6.3) | 26.0 (±14.0) | |
2 | 6.2 (±4.4) | 14.0 (±3.4) | 16.5 (±6.7) | 39.2 (±22.0) | |
5 | 21.7 (±24.5) | 46.8 (±38.0) | 10.9 (±10.5) | 17.6 (±10.2) | |
2 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 9.6 (±4.5) | 18.3 (±9.8) | 20.5 (±11.7) | 53.7 (±17.5) |
1 | 5.0 (±2.9) | 12.4 (±6.7) | 21.6 (±9.7) | 38.7 (±23.5) | |
2 | 15.5 (±11.5) | 16.3 (±9.1) | 24.1 (±12.5) | 28.9 (±10.6) | |
5 | 6.0 (±4.4) | 8.3 (±5.4) | 42.8(±25.0) | 16.4 (±7.1) | |
5 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 6. 6 (±2.3) | 8.5 (±3.8) | 26. 8 (±9.8) | 47.5 (±11.3) |
1 | 12.7 (±6.3) | 4.9 (±2.5) | 26.5 (±8.3) | 33.6 (±21.0) | |
2 | 8.5 (±8.0) | 4.9 (±3.0) | 7.5 (±3.6) | 19.3 (±10.0) | |
5 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Vol% Toluene | Mean Droplet Diameter (±Standard Deviation)/μm | ||
---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 2 | ||
1 mg MWNT 0.5 wt% silica | 10 | 9.9 (±6.4) | 26.5 (±12.4) |
20 | 16.8 (±8.6) | 17.1 (±10.8) | |
30 | 15.9 (±13.0) | 53.3 (±11.3) | |
50 | 28.7 (±20.1) | 49.3 (±20.3) |
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wt% SiO2 | vol% Toluene | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 |
1 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
2 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
2 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 |
1 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
2 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
5 mg MWNT | 0.5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 |
1 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
2 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | |
5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 |
Emulsion No. | Particle 1 | Particle 2 | Silane 1 | Silane 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | SiO2 | MWNT | APTES | DTES |
C2 | SiO2 | MWNT | APTES | - |
C3 | SiO2 | MWNT | - | DTES |
C4 | SiO2 | MWNT | - | - |
C5 | SiO2 | MWNT-COOH | APTES | DTES |
C6 | SiO2 | MWNT-COOH | APTES | - |
C7 | SiO2 | MWNT-COOH | - | DTES |
C8 | SiO2 | MWNT-COOH | - | - |
C9 | SiO2 | - | APTES | DTES |
C10 | SiO2 | - | APTES | - |
C11 | SiO2 | - | - | DTES |
C12 | SiO2 | - | - | - |
C13 | - | MWNT | APTES | DTES |
C14 | - | MWNT | APTES | - |
C15 | - | MWNT | - | DTES |
C16 | - | MWNT | - | - |
C17 | - | MWNT-COOH | APTES | DTES |
C18 | - | MWNT-COOH | APTES | - |
C19 | - | MWNT-COOH | - | DTES |
C20 | - | MWNT-COOH | - | - |
C21 | - | - | APTES | DTES |
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Grzegorzewski, F.; Benhaim, A.; Itzhaik Alkotzer, Y.; Zelinger, E.; Yaakov, N.; Mechrez, G. In situ Fabrication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silica Hybrid Colloidosomes by Pickering Emulsion Templating Using Trialkoxysilanes of Opposite Polarity. Polymers 2019, 11, 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091480
Grzegorzewski F, Benhaim A, Itzhaik Alkotzer Y, Zelinger E, Yaakov N, Mechrez G. In situ Fabrication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silica Hybrid Colloidosomes by Pickering Emulsion Templating Using Trialkoxysilanes of Opposite Polarity. Polymers. 2019; 11(9):1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091480
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrzegorzewski, Franziska, Avital Benhaim, Yafit Itzhaik Alkotzer, Einat Zelinger, Noga Yaakov, and Guy Mechrez. 2019. "In situ Fabrication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silica Hybrid Colloidosomes by Pickering Emulsion Templating Using Trialkoxysilanes of Opposite Polarity" Polymers 11, no. 9: 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091480