An Application of Deep Neural Networks for Segmentation of Microtomographic Images of Rock Samples
Schlumberger Moscow Research Center, 119285 Moscow, Russia
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Computers 2019, 8(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8040072
Received: 27 August 2019
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Revised: 19 September 2019
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Accepted: 20 September 2019
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Published: 24 September 2019
Image segmentation is a crucial step of almost any Digital Rock workflow. In this paper, we propose an approach for generation of a labelled dataset and investigate an application of three popular convolutional neural networks (CNN) architectures for segmentation of 3D microtomographic images of samples of various rocks. Our dataset contains eight pairs of images of five specimens of sand and sandstones. For each sample, we obtain a single set of microtomographic shadow projections, but run reconstruction twice: one regular high-quality reconstruction, and one using just a quarter of all available shadow projections. Thoughtful manual Indicator Kriging (IK) segmentation of the full-quality image is used as the ground truth for segmentation of images with reduced quality. We assess the generalization capability of CNN by splitting our dataset into training and validation sets by five different manners. In addition, we compare neural networks results with segmentation by IK and thresholding. Segmentation outcomes by 2D and 3D U-nets are comparable to IK, but the deep neural networks operate in automatic mode, and there is big room for improvements in solutions based on CNN. The main difficulties are associated with the segmentation of fine structures that are relatively uncommon in our dataset.
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Keywords:
digital rock physics; X-ray microtomography; 3D image segmentation; convolutional neural network; indicator kriging; ground truth generation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Varfolomeev, I.; Yakimchuk, I.; Safonov, I. An Application of Deep Neural Networks for Segmentation of Microtomographic Images of Rock Samples. Computers 2019, 8, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8040072
AMA Style
Varfolomeev I, Yakimchuk I, Safonov I. An Application of Deep Neural Networks for Segmentation of Microtomographic Images of Rock Samples. Computers. 2019; 8(4):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8040072
Chicago/Turabian StyleVarfolomeev, Igor, Ivan Yakimchuk, and Ilia Safonov. 2019. "An Application of Deep Neural Networks for Segmentation of Microtomographic Images of Rock Samples" Computers 8, no. 4: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8040072
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