Breast Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women: Could Gut Microbiota Make a Difference?—“BiotaCancerSurvivors”: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Enrollment
2.2. Patient Data
2.3. Control Group
2.4. Sample Collection, DNA Extraction, and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Analysis
2.5. Alpha and Beta Diversity Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Research Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Control Group Characteristics
3.2. Patient Characteristics
3.3. Microbiota Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Study Group (n = 23) |
---|---|
Age—yr | |
Median Range | 53.00 38–76 |
Female sex—n (%) | 23 (100) |
Race—n (%) | |
White Black | 21 (91.3) 2 (8.7) |
Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)—n (%) | |
Median Range <25 25–30 >30 | 26.10 21.60–41.60 11 (47.8) 4 (17.4) 8 (34.8) |
Menopause—n (%) | |
Yes No | 19 (82.6) 4 (17.4) |
Antibiotic use in the prior 3 months—n (%) | 1 (4.35) |
Breast involvement—n (%) | |
unilateral bilateral | 22 (95.7) 1 (4.3) |
Tumour type—n (%) | |
Luminal A Luminal B HER2 negative Luminal B HER2 positive | 8 (34.8) 12 (57.2) 2 (8.7) |
HER2 status (IHC)—n (%) | |
0 1+ 2+ 3+ | 8 (34.8) 8 (34.8) 4 (17.4) 2 (8.7) |
Surgical treatment—n (%) Tumourectomy Mastectomy Radiation therapy | 23 (100) 14 (60.9) 9 (39.1) 22 (95.7) |
Endocrine therapy | 23 (100) |
Chemotherapy Adjuvant Neoadjuvant | 13 (56.5) 10 (76.9) 3 (23.1) |
Neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade + adjuvant trastuzumab | 1 (4.3) |
Adjuvant trastuzumab | 1 (4.3) |
Ovarian suppression therapy | 1 (4.3) |
Adjuvant bisphosphonates | 5 (21.7) |
Bacterial Population | Study Group (n = 23) | Healthy Controls (n = 291) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Bacteroidetes phylum | 22.03 (15.84–34.01) | 34.40 (21.95–45.05) | <0.001 |
Firmicutes phylum | 11.23 (8.07–17.33) | 41.61 (28.78–54.27) | 0.02 |
Verrucomicrobia phylum | 0.006 (0–0.0008) | 2.89 (0.049–2.81) | <0.001 |
Actinobacteria phylum | 1.06 (0.04–1.1) | 1.42 (0.2–1.3) | 0.14 |
Proteobacteria phylum | 5.03 (2.16–6.67) | 18.64 (1.80–27.31) | 0.18 |
Clostridium genus | 0.13 (0–0.12) | 0.6 (0–0.075) | 0.02 |
Prevotella genus | 7.21 (0.21–17.77) | 5.66 (0.07–3.91) | 0.07 |
Shigella genus | 0.19 (0–0.13) | 0.002 (0–0) | <0.001 |
Lactobacillus genus | 0.004 (0–0.001) | 0.11 (0–0.01) | 0.92 |
Bifidobacterium genus | 0.36 (0.0003–0.17) | 0.64 (0.01–0.6) | <0.001 |
Roseburia inulinivorans | 1.28 (0.41–1.74) | 1.53 (0.21–2.34) | 0.21 |
Akkermansia muciniphila | 0.006 (0–0.0006) | 2.89 (0.49–2.81) | <0.001 |
Clostridium perfringens | 0.2 (0.001–0.288) | 0.34 (0–0.48) | <0.001 |
Escherichia coli | 0.01 (0–0.05) | 0.03 (0–0) | <0.001 |
Bacteroides uniformis | 2.31 (0.27–3.68) | 6.73 (1.14–9.5) | <0.001 |
Clostridium hathewayi | 0.004 (0–0) | 0 | <0.001 |
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | 7.36 (1.23–15.75) | 27 (16.31–37.45) | 0.002 |
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Caleça, T.; Ribeiro, P.; Vitorino, M.; Menezes, M.; Sampaio-Alves, M.; Mendes, A.D.; Vicente, R.; Negreiros, I.; Faria, A.; Costa, D.A. Breast Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women: Could Gut Microbiota Make a Difference?—“BiotaCancerSurvivors”: A Case-Control Study. Cancers 2023, 15, 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030594
Caleça T, Ribeiro P, Vitorino M, Menezes M, Sampaio-Alves M, Mendes AD, Vicente R, Negreiros I, Faria A, Costa DA. Breast Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women: Could Gut Microbiota Make a Difference?—“BiotaCancerSurvivors”: A Case-Control Study. Cancers. 2023; 15(3):594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030594
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaleça, Telma, Pedro Ribeiro, Marina Vitorino, Maria Menezes, Mafalda Sampaio-Alves, Ana Duarte Mendes, Rodrigo Vicente, Ida Negreiros, Ana Faria, and Diogo Alpuim Costa. 2023. "Breast Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women: Could Gut Microbiota Make a Difference?—“BiotaCancerSurvivors”: A Case-Control Study" Cancers 15, no. 3: 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030594