TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cleavage of CD44 in Response to External Stimuli
2.2. Stem-Like Cells Show Enhanced Expression of CD44v and HAS2 Genes and Cleavage of CD44
2.3. Involvement of TRAF Family Members in CD44 Cleavage
2.4. TRAF4 Plays an Important Role for CD44 Expression in A549 Cell Spheres
2.5. TRAF4 Is Required for TGFβ-Induced RAC1 Activation
2.6. Migration of A549 Cells Is Dependent on CD44, TRAF4, and RAC1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture, Transfections, Plasmids, and Reagents
4.2. Immunoblotting
4.3. Nuclear–Cytoplasmic Fractionation
4.4. RAC1 Activity Assay
4.5. RNA Extraction and Real-Time qPCR
4.6. Luciferase Assay
4.7. Phase Contrast Microscopy
4.8. In Vitro Wound Healing Assay
4.9. Hyaluronan Assay
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kolliopoulos, C.; Chatzopoulos, A.; Skandalis, S.S.; Heldin, C.-H.; Heldin, P. TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation. Cancers 2021, 13, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051021
Kolliopoulos C, Chatzopoulos A, Skandalis SS, Heldin C-H, Heldin P. TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation. Cancers. 2021; 13(5):1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051021
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolliopoulos, Constantinos, Athanasios Chatzopoulos, Spyros S. Skandalis, Carl-Henrik Heldin, and Paraskevi Heldin. 2021. "TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation" Cancers 13, no. 5: 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051021
APA StyleKolliopoulos, C., Chatzopoulos, A., Skandalis, S. S., Heldin, C.-H., & Heldin, P. (2021). TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation. Cancers, 13(5), 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051021