The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients’ Characteristics and Samples Collection
2.2. Tissue and Plasma Samples Preparation
2.3. Lung Tissue and Plasma Metabolic Fingerprinting
2.4. LC-MS Data Treatment and Statistical Analysis
2.5. Metabolite Identification
3. Results
3.1. Quality Assurance of Metabolomics Data
3.2. Samples Classification
3.3. Metabolomics of Tissue Samples
3.4. Metabolomics of Plasma Samples
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ADC | Adenocarcinoma |
ALK | Tyrosine kinase receptor |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CID | Collision-induced dissociation |
cMYC | C-myc protein |
COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
DHA | Docosahexaenoic acid |
EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
EML4-ALK | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor |
EPA | Eicosapentaenoic acid |
ESI− | Electrospray ionization negative |
ESI+ | Electrospray ionization positive |
ETrE | Eicosatrienoic acid |
FDR | False discovery rate |
GPL | Glycerophospholipids |
GP-NAE | Glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines |
HILIC | Hydrophilic interactions chromatography |
KRAS | GTPase KRas |
LCC | Large cell cancer |
LC-MS | Liquide chromatography mass spectrometry |
LPEAT2 | Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 2 |
LysoPC | Lysophosphatidylcholines |
LysoPE | Lysophosphatidylethanolamines |
LysoPI | Lysophosphatidylinositols |
NAA | N-acetyl aspartate |
NRF2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
NSCLC | Non-small-cell lung cancer |
PC | Phosphatidylcholines |
PCA | Principal components analysis |
PE | Phosphatidylethanolamines |
PLS-DA | Partial least squares discriminant analysis |
QC | Quality control |
ROS1 | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS |
RP | Reversed-phase chromatography |
SCC | Squamous cell cancer |
SM | Sphingomyelin |
TCA cycle | Tricarboxylic acid cycle |
TMA | Trimethylamine |
TNM | Tumor, node, metastasis classification |
TP53 | Tumor protein p53 |
VIP | Variable importance into projection values |
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Type of Biological Material | Patients Characteristic | Squemous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) | Adenocarcinoma (ADC) | Large Cell Carcinoma (LCC) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tissue | Age (mean) | 64.45 ± 8.02 | 64.77 ± 8.44 | 64.58 ± 6.43 |
BMI (mean) | 25.4 ± 3.48 | 25.4 ± 3.59 | 25.5 ± 2.83 | |
Male | 39 | 23 | 10 | |
Female | 15 | 10 | 2 | |
pTNM: I A | 7 | 8 | 0 | |
I B | 7 | 6 | 0 | |
II A | 13 | 6 | 2 | |
II B | 18 | 7 | 7 | |
III A | 9 | 6 | 3 | |
Plasma | Age (mean) | 65.61 ± 6.52 | 64.16 ± 6.91 | 64.57 ± 5.62 |
BMI (mean) | 27.4 ± 4.48 | 26.0 ± 3.41 | 24.9 ± 1.78 | |
Male | 21 | 20 | 6 | |
Female | 12 | 12 | 1 | |
pTNM: I A | 10 | 10 | 0 | |
I B | 9 | 10 | 0 | |
II A | 3 | 4 | 0 | |
II B | 7 | 6 | 6 | |
III A | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
Control group | ||||
Plasma | Number of patients | 20 | ||
Age (mean) | 61.5 ± 12.06 | |||
Male | 13 | |||
Female | 7 |
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Kowalczyk, T.; Kisluk, J.; Pietrowska, K.; Godzien, J.; Kozlowski, M.; Reszeć, J.; Sierko, E.; Naumnik, W.; Mróz, R.; Moniuszko, M.; et al. The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied. Cancers 2021, 13, 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133314
Kowalczyk T, Kisluk J, Pietrowska K, Godzien J, Kozlowski M, Reszeć J, Sierko E, Naumnik W, Mróz R, Moniuszko M, et al. The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133314
Chicago/Turabian StyleKowalczyk, Tomasz, Joanna Kisluk, Karolina Pietrowska, Joanna Godzien, Miroslaw Kozlowski, Joanna Reszeć, Ewa Sierko, Wojciech Naumnik, Robert Mróz, Marcin Moniuszko, and et al. 2021. "The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133314