Bispecific T Cell Engagers for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: Achievements and Challenges

Kinan Alhallak; Jennifer Sun; Amanda Jeske; Chaelee Park; Jessica Yavner; Hannah Bash; Berit Lubben; Ola Adebayo; Ayah Khaskiah; Abdel Kareem Azab

doi:10.3390/cancers13122853

,

and

¹

Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA

²

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA

³

Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit 627, West Bank, Palestine

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Cancers2021, 13(12), 2853;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122853

This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer: Advances in T Cell-Based Clinical Immunotherapies

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Simple Summary

Here we list the benefits and disadvantages of using bispecific T cell engagers (BTCEs) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). We summarize the mechanism of action; the various targets used for BTCE therapy for MM such as BCMA, CD38, FcRH5, CD19, and CD138; and novel strategies used to circumvent the limitations of BTCE therapy.

Abstract

MM is the second most common hematological malignancy and represents approximately 20% of deaths from hematopoietic cancers. The advent of novel agents has changed the therapeutic landscape of MM treatment; however, MM remains incurable. T cell-based immunotherapy such as BTCEs is a promising modality for the treatment of MM. This review article discusses the advancements and future directions of BTCE treatments for MM.

Keywords:

bispecific T cell engagers; chimeric antigen receptor-T cells; multiple myeloma

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