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Volume 11
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Article

Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

by
Julia Smentoch
1,
Jolanta Szade
2,
Anna J. Żaczek
1,
Elke Eltze
3,
Axel Semjonow
4,
Burkhard Brandt
5 and
Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
1,*
1
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
2
Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-214, Poland
3
Institute of Pathology Saarbruecken-Rastpfuhl, Saarbruecken 66113, Germany
4
Department of Urology, Prostate Center, University Clinic Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
5
Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2019, 11(9), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091356
Submission received: 26 July 2019 / Revised: 2 September 2019 / Accepted: 9 September 2019 / Published: 12 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Biomarkers in Cancers)
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Abstract

Vascularization influences tumor development by supporting the nutrition and dissemination of tumor cells. On the other hand, a low number of vascular vessels (VVlow) may induce hypoxia, accounting for selection of resistant clone(s) of tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of vascular (VV) and lymphatic vessels (LV) in prostate cancer (PCa). Tumor samples from 400 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were prepared in duplex as tissue microarrays. Numbers of VV and LV were evaluated using immunohistochemistry detecting CD34 and podoplanin, respectively, and correlated to clinical data, biochemical recurrence (BR), and proteins analyzed in tumor cells. VVlow and LV were found in 32% and 43% of patients with informative PCa samples, respectively. VVlow correlated with a shorter time to BR 3, 5, and 10 years after RP in hormone-naïve patients (p = 0.028, p = 0.027 and p = 0.056, respectively). It was also shown to be an independent prognostic factor 5 years after surgery (multivariate analysis, p = 0.046). Tumors characterized by VVlow expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM, less frequently (p = 0.016) and revealed a borderline correlation to increased levels of tumor cell invasion marker Loxl-2 (p = 0.059). No correlations were found for LV. In summary, VVlow in hormone-naïve patients undergoing RP has prognostic potential and seems to be related to an aggressive phenotype of tumor cells.
Keywords: prostate cancer; vascular vessels; lymphatic vessels; CD34; podoplanin; hormone-naïve patients; tumor progression; heterogeneity prostate cancer; vascular vessels; lymphatic vessels; CD34; podoplanin; hormone-naïve patients; tumor progression; heterogeneity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Smentoch, J.; Szade, J.; Żaczek, A.J.; Eltze, E.; Semjonow, A.; Brandt, B.; Bednarz-Knoll, N. Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Cancers 2019, 11, 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091356

AMA Style

Smentoch J, Szade J, Żaczek AJ, Eltze E, Semjonow A, Brandt B, Bednarz-Knoll N. Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Cancers. 2019; 11(9):1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091356

Chicago/Turabian Style

Smentoch, Julia, Jolanta Szade, Anna J. Żaczek, Elke Eltze, Axel Semjonow, Burkhard Brandt, and Natalia Bednarz-Knoll. 2019. "Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy" Cancers 11, no. 9: 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091356

APA Style

Smentoch, J., Szade, J., Żaczek, A. J., Eltze, E., Semjonow, A., Brandt, B., & Bednarz-Knoll, N. (2019). Low Numbers of Vascular Vessels Correlate to Progression in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Carcinomas Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Cancers, 11(9), 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091356

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