Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antibody-Based Immunotherapies
2.1. IMiD-Intensified Antibody Treatment
2.2. Bispecific Antibodies
2.3. Immunochemotherapy and ADCs
3. Gene-Modified T-Cell Therapies
4. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
5. Immune Vaccination: Dendritic Cell Vaccination and Tumor-Antigen Peptide Vaccination
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CAR-T | Bispecific antibodies | ADC | |
Off-the-shelf | Not yet | Yes | Yes |
Ease of administration | + | + ~ ++ | ++++ |
Dependent on patient T cell condition | Yes | Yes | No |
Results of representative clinical trials | |||
Protocol | Bb2121(n = 33) | AMG420 (n = 42) | GSK2857916 (n = 35) |
Median age (y) (range) | 58 (37–74) | 63 | 60 (40–75) |
Prior treatment lines | Median 7 (range 3–14) | Median 4 (range 2–13) | ≥5 prior lines 57% |
Response | ORR 85% MRD(–) CR 45% | ORR 70% MRD(–) CR 40% | ORR 60% |
Median PFS | 12 months | 9 months | 8 months |
Major toxicity | Neutropenia 85%, anemia 45%, thrombocytopenia 45%, CRS 76% (grade 3: 6%), neurologic toxic effects 42% | CRS: all grades 38% (severe CRS 2%), serious peripheral neuropathy 5% | Grade 3–4 AEs 80%; corneal AEs (vision blurred, keratitis, photophobia, dry eye, keratopathy, eye pain), thrombocytopenia |
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Tamura, H.; Ishibashi, M.; Sunakawa, M.; Inokuchi, K. Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers 2019, 11, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11122009
Tamura H, Ishibashi M, Sunakawa M, Inokuchi K. Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers. 2019; 11(12):2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11122009
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamura, Hideto, Mariko Ishibashi, Mika Sunakawa, and Koiti Inokuchi. 2019. "Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma" Cancers 11, no. 12: 2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11122009
APA StyleTamura, H., Ishibashi, M., Sunakawa, M., & Inokuchi, K. (2019). Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers, 11(12), 2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11122009