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Toxins, Volume 4, Issue 8

2012 August - 3 articles

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Articles (3)

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Review

33 Citations

10,774 Views

13 Pages

Animal Toxins Can Alter the Function of Nav1.8 and Nav1.9

John Gilchrist and
Frank Bosmans

Toxins2012, 4(8), 620-632;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4080620

14 August 2012

Human voltage-activated sodium (Nav) channels are adept at rapidly transmitting electrical signals across long distances in various excitable tissues. As such, they are amongst the most widely targeted ion channels by drugs and animal toxins. Of the...

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Article

7 Citations

9,123 Views

15 Pages

Botulinum Neurotoxin A Injections Influence Stretching of the Gastrocnemius Muscle-Tendon Unit in an Animal Model

Patrick Haubruck,
Sandeep Mannava,
Johannes F. Plate,
Michael F. Callahan,
Walter F. Wiggins,
Gerhard Schmidmaier,
Christopher J. Tuohy,
Katherine R. Saul and
Thomas L. Smith

Toxins2012, 4(8), 605-619;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4080605

13 August 2012

Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injections have been used for the treatment of muscle contractures and spasticity. This study assessed the influence of (BoNT-A) injections on passive biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit. Mouse gastrocne...

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Review

17 Citations

9,025 Views

25 Pages

Molecular Motions as a Drug Target: Mechanistic Simulations of Anthrax Toxin Edema Factor Function Led to the Discovery of Novel Allosteric Inhibitors

Élodie Laine,
Leandro Martínez,
Daniel Ladant,
Thérèse Malliavin and
Arnaud Blondel

Toxins2012, 4(8), 580-604;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4080580

31 July 2012

Edema Factor (EF) is a component of Bacillus anthracis toxin essential for virulence. Its adenylyl cyclase activity is induced by complexation with the ubiquitous eukaryotic cellular protein, calmodulin (CaM). EF and its complexes with CaM, nucleotid...

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