Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of E. officinalis Extracts
2.2. Animals and Treatments
2.3. Plantar Incision of Postoperative Pain Rat Model
2.4. Ultrasonic Vocalization Analysis
2.5. Spared Nerve Injury of the Neuropathic Pain Rat Model
2.6. Mechanical Withdrawal Threshold Analysis
2.7. Cytokine Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of E. officinalis Extracts on Mechanical Hyperalgesia Induced by Plantar Incision
3.2. Effects of E. officinalis Extracts on USV Induced by Plantar Incision
3.3. Effects of E. officinalis Extracts on Mechanical Hyperalgesia Induced by SNI
3.4. Effects of E. officinalis Extracts on the Expression of Cytokines Induced by SNI in Rat DRG
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cytokines (pg/mg Protein) | SNI-Sham | SNI-Control | Naproxen | E. officinalis |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β | 1.64 ± 0.09 | 4.43 ± 0.34 a | 1.69 ± 0.28 b | 2.23 ± 0.27 b |
IL-2 | 7.16 ± 0.34 | 12.55 ± 0.72 a | 7.15 ± 0.23 b | 7.20 ± 0.33 b |
IL-6 | 48.21 ± 1.01 | 80.20 ± 3.57 a | 49.32 ± 2.66 b | 53.07 ± 3.03 b |
IL-10 | 6.28 ± 0.77 | 3.59 ± 0.17 | 7.36 ± 0.55 c | 7.52 ± 1.15 c |
IL-12 | 21.31 ± 1.11 | 40.56 ± 2.10 a | 22.05 ± 1.62 b | 22.31 ± 0.53 b |
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Lim, D.W.; Kim, J.G.; Kim, Y.T. Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Nutrients 2016, 8, 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120760
Lim DW, Kim JG, Kim YT. Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Nutrients. 2016; 8(12):760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120760
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Dong Wook, Jae Goo Kim, and Yun Tai Kim. 2016. "Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats" Nutrients 8, no. 12: 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120760
APA StyleLim, D. W., Kim, J. G., & Kim, Y. T. (2016). Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Nutrients, 8(12), 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120760