Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)
3. Vitamin D Endocrine System—Calcifediol
4. Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19
4.1. Vitamin Endocrine D System and the Immune System
4.1.1. Innate Immunity
4.1.2. Adaptive Immunity
4.2. Vitamin D Endocrine System and Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS)
4.3. Vitamin D Endocrine System and the Coagulation System
4.4. Vitamin D Endocrine System and Fibrosis
5. Circulating 25OHD Levels and Incidence and Severity of COVID-19
6. Calcifediol Treatment for COVID-19
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quesada-Gomez, J.M.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Entrenas-Castillo, M.; Casado-Díaz, A.; Nogues y Solans, X.; Mansur, J.L.; Bouillon, R. Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132716
Quesada-Gomez JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Entrenas-Castillo M, Casado-Díaz A, Nogues y Solans X, Mansur JL, Bouillon R. Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol. Nutrients. 2022; 14(13):2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132716
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuesada-Gomez, Jose Manuel, José Lopez-Miranda, Marta Entrenas-Castillo, Antonio Casado-Díaz, Xavier Nogues y Solans, José Luis Mansur, and Roger Bouillon. 2022. "Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol" Nutrients 14, no. 13: 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132716