Next Article in Journal
Circulating Vitamin E Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Next Article in Special Issue
Prevalence of Medication-Dietary Supplement Combined Use and Associated Factors
Previous Article in Journal
Nutrition Risk Assessment Using the Modified NUTRIC Score in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding: Prevalence of High Nutrition Risk and its Independent Prognostic Value
Previous Article in Special Issue
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Potential Moderators Associated with All-Cause Mortality in a Representative Sample of Spanish Older Adults
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 9
10.3390/nu11092154
nutrients-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up

by
Andrea de la Garza Puentes
1,2,3,*,
Adrià Martí Alemany
1,
Aida Maribel Chisaguano
4,
Rosa Montes Goyanes
5,
Ana I. Castellote
1,2,6,
Franscisco J. Torres-Espínola
7,8,
Luz García-Valdés
7,8,
Mireia Escudero-Marín
7,8,
Maria Teresa Segura
7,8,
Cristina Campoy
7,8,9 and
M. Carmen López-Sabater
1,2,6,*
1
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
2
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària UB (INSA-UB), 08921 Barcelona, Spain
3
Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi, Spain
4
Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of San Francisco de Quito, 170157 Quito, Ecuador
5
Food Research and Analysis Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
6
CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
7
Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
8
Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
9
CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBEResp, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154
Submission received: 6 August 2019 / Revised: 22 August 2019 / Accepted: 24 August 2019 / Published: 9 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ageing and Nutrition through Lifespan)
Browse Figure
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study analyzed how maternal obesity affected fatty acids (FAs) in breast milk and their association with infant growth and cognition to raise awareness about the programming effect of maternal health and to promote a healthy prenatal weight. Mother–child pairs (n = 78) were grouped per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): normal-weight (BMI = 18.5–24.99), overweight (BMI = 25–29.99) and obese (BMI > 30). Colostrum and mature milk FAs were determined. Infant anthropometry at 6, 18 and 36 months of age and cognition at 18 were analyzed. Mature milk exhibited lower arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), among others, than colostrum. Breast milk of non-normal weight mothers presented increased saturated FAs and n6:n3 ratio and decreased α-linolenic acid (ALA), DHA and monounsaturated FAs. Infant BMI-for-age at 6 months of age was inversely associated with colostrum n6 (e.g., AA) and n3 (e.g., DHA) FAs and positively associated with n6:n3 ratio. Depending on the maternal weight, infant cognition was positively influenced by breast milk linoleic acid, n6 PUFAs, ALA, DHA and n3 LC-PUFAs, and negatively affected by n6:n3 ratio. In conclusion, this study shows that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI can influence breast milk FAs and infant growth and cognition, endorsing the importance of a healthy weight in future generations.
Keywords: maternal obesity; breastfeeding; breast milk; colostrum; mature milk; fatty acids; LC-PUFA; omega-3; omega-6; DHA; AA; children; growth; cognition; early life nutrition; programming maternal obesity; breastfeeding; breast milk; colostrum; mature milk; fatty acids; LC-PUFA; omega-3; omega-6; DHA; AA; children; growth; cognition; early life nutrition; programming

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

de la Garza Puentes, A.; Martí Alemany, A.; Chisaguano, A.M.; Montes Goyanes, R.; Castellote, A.I.; Torres-Espínola, F.J.; García-Valdés, L.; Escudero-Marín, M.; Segura, M.T.; Campoy, C.; et al. The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154

AMA Style

de la Garza Puentes A, Martí Alemany A, Chisaguano AM, Montes Goyanes R, Castellote AI, Torres-Espínola FJ, García-Valdés L, Escudero-Marín M, Segura MT, Campoy C, et al. The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154

Chicago/Turabian Style

de la Garza Puentes, Andrea, Adrià Martí Alemany, Aida Maribel Chisaguano, Rosa Montes Goyanes, Ana I. Castellote, Franscisco J. Torres-Espínola, Luz García-Valdés, Mireia Escudero-Marín, Maria Teresa Segura, Cristina Campoy, and et al. 2019. "The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up" Nutrients 11, no. 9: 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154

APA Style

de la Garza Puentes, A., Martí Alemany, A., Chisaguano, A. M., Montes Goyanes, R., Castellote, A. I., Torres-Espínola, F. J., García-Valdés, L., Escudero-Marín, M., Segura, M. T., Campoy, C., & López-Sabater, M. C. (2019). The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up. Nutrients, 11(9), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop