Interannual Changes of Fire Activity in the Protected Areas of the SUN Network and Other Parks and Reserves of the West and Central Africa Region Derived from MODIS Observations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Protected area | IUCN category(1) | Ecoregion | Area (ha)(2) | |
Region 1 | inside(3) | 25 km(4) | ||
Boundou - Senegal | nature reserve | Sudanian | 125,088 | 546,544 |
Niokolo-Koba - Senegal | II-national park | Sudanian (south) | 843,355 | 1,049,250 |
Outamba-K.- Sierra Leone | II-national park | Guineo-Congolian | 73,137 | 454,392 |
Patako - Senegal | classified forest | Guineo-c./Sudanian | 6,043 | 163,620 |
Region 2 | ||||
Arly tot. - Burkina Faso | IV-total faunal reserve | Sudanian | 84,457 | 149,185 |
Boulon - Burkina Faso | classified forest | Sudanian | 13,523 | 296,109 |
Deux Bales - Burkina Faso | II-national park | Sudanian | 88,481 | 487,136 |
Digya - Ghana | II-national park | Guineo-c./Sudanian | 276,404 | 761,926 |
Nazinga - Burkina Faso | ranch | Sudanian | 120,638 | 373,314 |
Pendjari - Benin | II-national park | Sudanian | 282,631 | 292,771 |
W Park - transnational | II-national park | Sudanian | 1,041,723 | 991,177 |
W Park - Benin | II-national park | Sudanian | 576,959 | 665,324 |
W Park - Burkina Faso | II-national park | Sudanian | 243,836 | 189,464 |
W Park - Niger | II-national park | Sudanian | 220,928 | 136,389 |
Region 3 | ||||
Bomu - R.D.Congo | Ib-strict nature reserve | Guineo-Congolian | 1,066,700 | 2,582,860 |
Garamba - R.D. Congo | II-national park | Guineo-c./Sudanian | 498,084 | 1,018,350 |
Zakouma - Chad | II-national park | Sudanian | 304,951 | 731,949 |
2. Data and Methods
2.1. MODIS Fire Product
2.2. Extraction of the Active Fire Data
2.3. Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Fire Activity
3. Results
3.1. Seasonality of Fire Activity
2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protected area | st | t25 | t75 | st | t25 | t75 | st | t25 | t75 | st | t25 | t75 | st | t25 | t75 |
Region 1 | |||||||||||||||
Boundou | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 4 |
Niokolo-Koba | 0 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
Outamba-Kilimi | 0 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 7 |
Patako | 0 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 2 |
Region 2 | |||||||||||||||
Arly totale | 0 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 4 |
Boulon | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 4 |
Deux Bales | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 5 |
Digya | 0 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
Nazinga | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 2 |
Pendjari | 1 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 6 |
Park W | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | |||||
ParkW-Benin | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 5 |
ParkW-Burkina | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
ParkW-Niger | 4 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 9 |
Region 3 | |||||||||||||||
Bomu | 0 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
Garamba | 0 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
Zakouma | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
all PAs (a) | 52 | 61 | 65 | 75 | 76 | ||||||||||
PAs window 1 (a) | 8 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 19 | ||||||||||
PAs window 2 (a) | 32 | 33 | 41 | 48 | 45 | ||||||||||
PAs window 3 (a) | 12 | 15 | 10 | 16 | 12 |
3.2. Level of Fire Activity Measured by the Fire Density
2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2004–09 a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
in-buffer | in-buffer | in-buffer | in-buffer | in-buffer | in-buffer | ||
Region 1 | Boundou | 1.78–1.58 | 1.75–1.88 | 1.46–1.65 | 1.55–0.92 | 2.41–2.15 | 1.79–1.64 |
Niokolo-K. | 3.17–2.36 | 3.04–2.32 | 3.07–2.26 | 2.54–1.97 | 3.08–2.28 | 2.98–2.24 | |
Outamba-K. | 3.19–2.33 | 3.95–2.78 | 4.31–3.92 | 2.93–2.08 | 3.36–3.70 | 3.55–2.96 | |
Patako | 1.32–0.10 | 1.82–0.24 | 1.99–0.37 | 0.99–0.17 | 1.65–0.02 | 1.55–0.18 | |
Region 2 | Arly totale | 3.17–1.75 | 3.43–1.91 | 3.08–1.56 | 2.34–1.36 | 3.16–1.49 | 3.04–1.61 |
Boulon | 3.40–2.75 | 3.11–2.07 | 3.55–2.29 | 4.14–1.94 | 5.10–2.08 | 3.86–2.23 | |
Deux Bales | 3.16–1.45 | 2.57–1.27 | 2.22–1.05 | 2.29–0.70 | 2.28–1.31 | 2.50–1.16 | |
Digya | 3.44–2.26 | 3.26–1.67 | 3.83–2.53 | 4.31–2.74 | 3.99–2.34 | 3.77–2.31 | |
Nazinga | 3.71–3.23 | 3.69–3.09 | 3.84–2.79 | 2.93–2.18 | 4.08–2.60 | 3.65–2.78 | |
Pendjari | 2.71–3.65 | 3.28–3.41 | 2.96–3.88 | 2.73–3.36 | 3.32–3.95 | 3.00–3.65 | |
Park W | 2.50–0.94 | 2.60–1.08 | 2.60–0.84 | 2.44–0.68 | 3.08–0.79 | 2.64–0.87 | |
W-Benin | 2.70–1.16 | 2.73–1.33 | 2.60–1.04 | 2.65–0.88 | 3.19–0.99 | 2.77–1.08 | |
W-Burkina | 2.46–0.79 | 2.67–0.87 | 2.83–0.67 | 2.49–0.48 | 3.22–0.67 | 2.73–0.70 | |
W-Niger | 2.03–0.07 | 2.16–0.16 | 2.34–0.08 | 1.84–0.03 | 2.65–0.00 | 2.20–0.07 | |
Region 3 | Bomu | 2.39–1.93 | 2.18–1.87 | 2.72–2.38 | 2.15–1.80 | 2.15–1.82 | 2.32–1.96 |
Garamba | 4.58–4.26 | 4.63–4.28 | 4.87–4.67 | 4.73–3.98 | 2.96–3.09 | 4.35–4.06 | |
Zakouma | 3.17–2.43 | 2.43–2.04 | 2.89–1.99 | 1.96–1.66 | 2.33–2.12 | 2.56–2.05 | |
all PAs b | 2.90–1.94 | 2.90–1.99 | 3.01–2.00 | 2.65–1.58 | 3.06–1.85 |
3.3. Regional Context
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
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Grégoire, J.-M.; Simonetti, D. Interannual Changes of Fire Activity in the Protected Areas of the SUN Network and Other Parks and Reserves of the West and Central Africa Region Derived from MODIS Observations. Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 446-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2020446
Grégoire J-M, Simonetti D. Interannual Changes of Fire Activity in the Protected Areas of the SUN Network and Other Parks and Reserves of the West and Central Africa Region Derived from MODIS Observations. Remote Sensing. 2010; 2(2):446-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2020446
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrégoire, Jean-Marie, and Dario Simonetti. 2010. "Interannual Changes of Fire Activity in the Protected Areas of the SUN Network and Other Parks and Reserves of the West and Central Africa Region Derived from MODIS Observations" Remote Sensing 2, no. 2: 446-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2020446