Merged Multi-Sensor Ocean Colour Chlorophyll Product Evaluation for the British Columbia Coast
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Datasets
2.2.1. In Situ Chl-a Data
2.2.2. Merged Multi-Sensor Satellite Data
GlobColour Daily Chl-a Product
GlobColour Interpolated Chl-a Product
OC-CCI Chl-a Product
2.3. Satellite Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Statistical Analysis
3.2. Seasonal and Latitudinal Trends
4. Discussion
4.1. Statistical Validation
4.1.1. Merging and Flagging Strategies
4.1.2. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics
4.1.3. In Situ Measurements
4.1.4. Statistical Metrics and Global or Regional Validation
4.2. Seasonal and Latitudinal Trends
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All | Case 1 | Case 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chla-GCint | Chla-GC | Chla-OC | Chla-GCint | Chla-GC | Chla-OC | Chla-GCint | Chla-GC | Chla-OC | |
n | 141 | 141 | 141 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
r | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.83 |
r2 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 0.62 |
slope | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.7 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.6 |
intercept | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.14 | −0.05 | −0.14 | 0.07 | −0.02 | −0.01 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
BIAS | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 1.006 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.79 | 0.78 |
MdAD | 1.5 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.32 | 1.38 | 1.57 | 1.65 | 1.44 |
RMSE | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.26 |
Author | Product | Time | Location | Case 1 or 2 | N | R2 | RMSE | BIAS | Similar Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Validated | |||||||||
[55] Swart et al., 2012 | GC-OC4 | 2010–2011 | Good Hope line south of Africa | 1 | 121 | 0.84 | 0.50 | Yes | |
[60] Laiolo et al., 2021 | GC-GSM | 2016 | offshore eastern Australia ocean region | 1 | 9 | 0.63 | Yes | ||
[61] Johnson et al., 2013 | GC-AVW | 2001–2008 | southern Ocean | 1 | 0.25 | No | |||
[62] Gbagir & Colpaert, 2020 | GC CHL-OC5 | 1997–2019 | Lake Ladoga | 2 | Not reported | N/A | |||
[56] Pitarch et al., 2016 | GC-GSM | 1997–2012 | Baltic Sea | 2 | 1873 | 0.3 | 0.42 | 0.77 | Yes |
OC-CCI OC5 | 1873 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.86 | Yes | ||||
OC-CCI OC4v6 | 1873 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 1.44 | Yes | ||||
[37] Moradi, 2021 | GC-CHL2 | 2008–2018 | Persian Gulf | 2 | 275 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 4.15 | Yes |
OC-CCI | 487 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.38 | |||||
[63] Cherkasheva et al. (2014) | GC-GSM | 1998–2009 | Fram Strait and Greenland Sea | 1 and 2 | 108 | 0.34 | 0.58 | No | |
[64] El Hourany et al., 2019 | GC CHL-OC5 | 1997–2014 | Global | 1 and 2 | 0.49 | No | |||
[19] Hilborn & Costa 2018 | DINEOF interpolated | 2014–2016 | Salish sea | 2 | 45 | 0.23 | 0.39 | Yes |
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Pramlall, S.; Jackson, J.M.; Konik, M.; Costa, M. Merged Multi-Sensor Ocean Colour Chlorophyll Product Evaluation for the British Columbia Coast. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030687
Pramlall S, Jackson JM, Konik M, Costa M. Merged Multi-Sensor Ocean Colour Chlorophyll Product Evaluation for the British Columbia Coast. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(3):687. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030687
Chicago/Turabian StylePramlall, Sejal, Jennifer M. Jackson, Marta Konik, and Maycira Costa. 2023. "Merged Multi-Sensor Ocean Colour Chlorophyll Product Evaluation for the British Columbia Coast" Remote Sensing 15, no. 3: 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030687