Exploring the Role of International Research Collaboration in Building China’s World-Class Universities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methods and Materials
3.1. Methods
3.2. Materials
4. Results
4.1. International Research Collaboration Output and Impact
4.1.1. System Scale in China and World-Class Universities
4.1.2. Comparison of Overall Output and International Research Collaboration
4.1.3. The Role and Performance of Individual Universities in the Cluster
4.2. International Research Collaboration Network
4.2.1. China’s Main Country Collaborators in Research
4.2.2. Changing Trends in Intercountry Research Collaboration
4.3. Subject Areas in International Research Collaboration
4.3.1. Research Collaboration Output in Subject Areas
4.3.2. Chinese Characteristics in International Research Collaboration
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Research Object | Indicator | Indicator Description |
---|---|---|
Research Scale | Publication | The number of publications of a selected entity. |
Research Quality | Field-weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) | The ratio of citations received relative to the expected world average for the subject field, publication type, and publication year. The world’s average FWCI is 1.00. |
Top Journal Percentile | The percentage of publications of a selected entity that have been published in the world’s top 1%, or top 10% journals. | |
Research Impact | Citations per Publication | The average number of citations received per publication. |
Outputs in Top 10% Citation Percentile | The percentage of publications of a selected entity that are highly cited, having reached a particular threshold of citations received. |
Subject | Subject Area |
---|---|
Health Sciences | Dentistry |
Health Professions | |
Medicine | |
Nursing | |
Veterinary | |
Life Sciences | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | |
Immunology and Microbiology | |
Neuroscience | |
Pharma | |
Toxicology | |
Physical Sciences | Chemical Engineering |
Chemistry | |
Computer Science | |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | |
Energy | |
Engineering | |
Environmental Science | |
Materials Science | |
Mathematics | |
Physics and Astronomy | |
Social Sciences and Humanities | Arts and Humanities |
Business Management and Accounting | |
Decision Sciences | |
Economics, Econometrics, and Finance | |
Psychology | |
Social Sciences | |
Multidisciplinary | Multidisciplinary |
Quality | Impact | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FWCI | Top 1% Journal Percentiles | Top 10% Journal Percentiles | Citation per Publication | Outputs in Top 10% Citation Percentiles | ||
2016 | total | 1.15 | 3.2% | 30.1% | 17.6 | 16.2% |
IRC | 1.83 | 6.1% | 48.2% | 29.1 | 27.0% | |
2017 | total | 1.2 | 3.5% | 32.1% | 16.3 | 17.6% |
IRC | 1.87 | 6.6% | 50.1% | 26.4 | 28.3% | |
2018 | total | 1.24 | 3.4% | 32.0% | 13.6 | 18.9% |
IRC | 1.86 | 6.7% | 48.8% | 21 | 29.3% | |
2019 | total | 1.26 | 3.5% | 32.7% | 9.7 | 18.4% |
IRC | 1.85 | 6.9% | 48.2% | 14.5 | 30.0% | |
2020 | total | 1.39 | 3.9% | 35.2% | 6.3 | 19.6% |
IRC | 1.93 | 7.0% | 50.2% | 8.7 | 27.9% |
University | Top 10% Journal Percentiles (%) | Outputs in Top 10% Citation Percentiles (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
HNU | 47.1 | 56.3 | 58.2 | 59.8 | 59.7 | 31.7 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 37.9 | 35.1 |
NKU | 53.5 | 55.8 | 55.9 | 57 | 59.5 | 28.8 | 27.5 | 30.9 | 31.7 | 31.9 |
THU | 57.2 | 57 | 58.6 | 57.4 | 57.6 | 31.6 | 31.5 | 33.8 | 32.6 | 32.4 |
NJU | 59.1 | 60.9 | 57.4 | 55.9 | 56.4 | 25.7 | 27.7 | 30.5 | 24.8 | 33.8 |
SCUT | 55.1 | 58.9 | 53.9 | 55.7 | 56.2 | 35.8 | 38.5 | 37.6 | 38.2 | 36.6 |
CAU | 44.9 | 52.3 | 54.3 | 54.3 | 55.9 | 28 | 31.7 | 30.7 | 30.6 | 27 |
TJU-T | 50 | 52.5 | 52.7 | 52.8 | 54.7 | 24.8 | 27.5 | 28.5 | 32.8 | 32.6 |
BUAA | 45.5 | 55.7 | 55.5 | 55 | 53.8 | 24.8 | 29.1 | 28.7 | 27.8 | 27.2 |
NWAFU | 43.8 | 45.2 | 47.5 | 50.6 | 53.8 | 25.4 | 26.8 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 31.5 |
ZZU | 44.7 | 46.9 | 47.8 | 49.2 | 53.7 | 27.4 | 30.1 | 32.8 | 38.9 | 38.1 |
WHU | 44.8 | 48.9 | 48.8 | 50.2 | 53.4 | 25.3 | 27 | 25.4 | 27.9 | 32.5 |
NPU | 44.2 | 49.4 | 48.2 | 50 | 53 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 27.9 | 29.9 | 27 |
PKU | 54.4 | 58.7 | 55.1 | 52.4 | 52.9 | 31.2 | 30.5 | 31.4 | 30.7 | 30.2 |
DUT | 47.5 | 46.3 | 47.5 | 49.5 | 52.7 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 29.8 | 30.8 | 28.8 |
XMU | 51.4 | 52.9 | 52.7 | 52.4 | 52.7 | 26.9 | 29.6 | 29.6 | 30.7 | 29.6 |
SYSU | 51.7 | 51.8 | 50.7 | 50.2 | 52.6 | 30.7 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 30.1 | 28.1 |
HUST | 51.3 | 53.1 | 50.8 | 50.9 | 52.5 | 27.6 | 30.7 | 31.7 | 33.1 | 32.7 |
BNU | 51 | 53 | 53.6 | 51.8 | 52.4 | 25.3 | 24.2 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 29.5 |
TJU-S | 44.7 | 45.9 | 46.3 | 47.9 | 52.4 | 26.1 | 26.5 | 27.8 | 26.9 | 29.5 |
USTC | 60.5 | 59.4 | 54.2 | 54 | 52.4 | 31 | 30.1 | 30.7 | 31.4 | 30.5 |
UESTC | 47.5 | 50.9 | 48.4 | 47.3 | 52.2 | 23.8 | 26.1 | 28.8 | 29.2 | 28.1 |
FDU | 52.1 | 52.2 | 52.8 | 49.9 | 52.2 | 29.8 | 28.2 | 29.3 | 29.5 | 29.6 |
CQU | 47.6 | 44.8 | 46.9 | 48.8 | 52 | 27.9 | 27 | 30.1 | 31.2 | 31.1 |
ZJU | 51.6 | 51.2 | 50.8 | 50.5 | 51.7 | 26.8 | 27.9 | 29.7 | 31.4 | 28.4 |
SCU | 48.7 | 50.5 | 49.3 | 47.5 | 51.2 | 27.5 | 30.4 | 29.6 | 30.2 | 28.2 |
SEU | 45 | 45.2 | 45.8 | 47.7 | 50.8 | 27.2 | 28.6 | 30.2 | 28.9 | 27.2 |
LZU | 49.6 | 48.6 | 52.9 | 51.1 | 50.8 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 29 | 27.1 | 24.6 |
ECNU | 46.5 | 48.8 | 49.7 | 46 | 50.6 | 25 | 31.3 | 25 | 25 | 25.5 |
SJTU | 48.4 | 50.9 | 49 | 47.2 | 49.8 | 27.7 | 27.1 | 28.3 | 27.8 | 28.8 |
BIT | 50.5 | 50.5 | 49.2 | 48 | 49.6 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 28.7 |
XJTU | 46.6 | 51.6 | 48.7 | 47.8 | 49.4 | 25.7 | 28.3 | 28 | 27.6 | 25.3 |
HIT | 47 | 48.7 | 45.7 | 48.5 | 49.3 | 26.7 | 28 | 28.2 | 26.3 | 28.7 |
OUC | 38.8 | 40.7 | 45.9 | 45.1 | 48.4 | 21.1 | 19.8 | 25 | 27.2 | 24.2 |
CSU | 43.3 | 44 | 46.9 | 46.1 | 47.6 | 29.6 | 32.1 | 34.8 | 35.3 | 31.3 |
SDU | 48.2 | 49.1 | 47.4 | 47.4 | 47.5 | 27.2 | 27.4 | 26.6 | 28.4 | 27.5 |
JLU | 44.1 | 47.7 | 44.2 | 43.3 | 46.2 | 24.1 | 25.7 | 24.1 | 28.6 | 29.4 |
NEU | 40.1 | 39.9 | 37.4 | 42.9 | 45.5 | 21.4 | 25.4 | 24.5 | 25.9 | 25.9 |
RUC | 40.4 | 41.2 | 47.8 | 37.7 | 44.9 | 20.1 | 19 | 18.8 | 20.7 | 19.1 |
NUDT | 39.1 | 37 | 38.8 | 42.2 | 42.1 | 19.2 | 16.6 | 23.4 | 19.2 | 18.9 |
MUC | 41.3 | 52.5 | 31.4 | 28.4 | 41.6 | 14.8 | 26.1 | 17.6 | 11.6 | 19.1 |
XJU | 28.2 | 32.3 | 37.3 | 42.6 | 39.8 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 22.8 | 22.9 | 24 |
YNU | 36.4 | 46.2 | 42.4 | 36.9 | 39 | 18 | 20.2 | 24 | 20.2 | 26.9 |
2016 | 2020 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Country/Region | Publication | Top 1% Journal Percentiles | Rank | Country/Region | Publication | Top 1% Journal Percentiles |
1 | United States | 25,391 | 7.1 | 1 | United States | 36,173 | 7.8 |
2 | United Kingdom | 5656 | 8.5 | 2 | United Kingdom | 11,232 | 8.3 |
3 | Hong Kong | 4928 | 7.2 | 3 | Australia | 9011 | 9.4 |
4 | Australia | 4695 | 7.3 | 4 | Hong Kong | 7152 | 9.6 |
5 | Canada | 3773 | 6.7 | 5 | Germany | 6118 | 7.6 |
6 | Germany | 3593 | 6.6 | 6 | Canada | 6050 | 8.8 |
7 | Japan | 3432 | 6.9 | 7 | Japan | 5179 | 6.7 |
8 | Singapore | 2429 | 11.3 | 8 | Singapore | 4210 | 11.9 |
9 | France | 2321 | 7.0 | 9 | France | 3785 | 6.9 |
10 | Taiwan | 1616 | 5.7 | 10 | South Korea | 2761 | 8.9 |
11 | South Korea | 1597 | 7.4 | 11 | Pakistan | 2726 | 2.5 |
12 | Italy | 1398 | 7.2 | 12 | Italy | 2660 | 7.0 |
13 | Netherlands | 1332 | 8.0 | 13 | Netherlands | 2458 | 9.1 |
14 | Sweden | 1293 | 8.5 | 14 | Taiwan | 2408 | 6.7 |
15 | Spain | 1177 | 7.8 | 15 | Sweden | 2230 | 9.7 |
16 | Switzerland | 1017 | 7.7 | 16 | Spain | 2009 | 8.6 |
17 | Russian Federation | 945 | 4.8 | 17 | India | 1947 | 5.5 |
18 | Denmark | 774 | 10.4 | 18 | Russian Federation | 1771 | 5.4 |
19 | Saudi Arabia | 773 | 8.3 | 19 | Switzerland | 1763 | 8.9 |
20 | Pakistan | 760 | 3.5 | 20 | Denmark | 1530 | 10.2 |
Subject | Subject Area | Percentage of Total Publications | Publication | FWCI | Citation per Publication | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | |||||
Physical Sciences | Engineering | 21.3% | 24.6% | 108,965 | 1.92 | 22.6 |
Physical Sciences | Computer Science | 27.7% | 28.8% | 71,553 | 2.04 | 15.2 |
Physical Sciences | Materials Science | 22.8% | 24.9% | 65,972 | 1.99 | 23.1 |
Physical Sciences | Physics and Astronomy | 24.5% | 27.0% | 60,001 | 1.85 | 19.1 |
Physical Sciences | Chemistry | 21.7% | 25.1% | 46,928 | 2.02 | 27.2 |
Health Sciences | Medicine | 22.5% | 20.9% | 46,629 | 2.25 | 20 |
Life Sciences | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 24.7% | 24.3% | 44,633 | 1.87 | 23.2 |
Physical Sciences | Mathematics | 25.0% | 26.1% | 35,716 | 1.63 | 10.5 |
Physical Sciences | Environmental Science | 29.4% | 30.6% | 32,291 | 2.03 | 22.8 |
Physical Sciences | Chemical Engineering | 20.7% | 25.2% | 27,777 | 2.04 | 26.6 |
Physical Sciences | Energy | 22.0% | 26.0% | 25,724 | 2.07 | 25.9 |
Physical Sciences | Earth and Planetary Sciences | 28.4% | 33.0% | 24,476 | 1.62 | 15.4 |
Life Sciences | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 28.1% | 31.2% | 19,404 | 1.71 | 15.3 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Social Sciences | 36.7% | 36.7% | 16,041 | 1.84 | 12 |
Multidisciplinary | Multidisciplinary | 29.7% | 32.7% | 10,625 | 1.93 | 31 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Business, Management and Accounting | 42.2% | 45.0% | 9656 | 1.98 | 17.1 |
Life Sciences | Neuroscience | 33.8% | 30.5% | 9219 | 1.47 | 16.6 |
Life Sciences | Immunology and Microbiology | 27.5% | 25.0% | 8848 | 1.73 | 20.1 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Decision Sciences | 36.1% | 28.3% | 8368 | 1.65 | 12 |
Life Sciences | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics | 21.1% | 19.1% | 8346 | 1.68 | 17 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 48.1% | 44.3% | 5683 | 1.76 | 12.2 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Psychology | 57.0% | 43.7% | 3913 | 1.61 | 12.1 |
Social Sciences & Humanities | Arts and Humanities | 32.4% | 32.4% | 2972 | 2.46 | 11.2 |
Health Sciences | Nursing | 33.9% | 32.0% | 1945 | 1.87 | 14.2 |
Health Sciences | Health Professions | 39.6% | 29.7% | 1876 | 1.83 | 14.1 |
Health Sciences | Dentistry | 31.3% | 25.7% | 987 | 1.6 | 12.1 |
Health Sciences | Veterinary | 17.9% | 27.2% | 667 | 1.51 | 8.7 |
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Zhang, D.; Ding, W.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S. Exploring the Role of International Research Collaboration in Building China’s World-Class Universities. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063487
Zhang D, Ding W, Wang Y, Liu S. Exploring the Role of International Research Collaboration in Building China’s World-Class Universities. Sustainability. 2022; 14(6):3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063487
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Duanhong, Wenjia Ding, Yang Wang, and Siwen Liu. 2022. "Exploring the Role of International Research Collaboration in Building China’s World-Class Universities" Sustainability 14, no. 6: 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063487