Effects of Changing Air Temperature at Different Sleep Stages on the Subjective Evaluation of Sleep Quality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. IoT Sensors
2.2. Transition of Setpoint Temperatures
2.3. Study Experiment
2.3.1. Experimental Conditions and Procedures
2.3.2. Subjects and Clothing
2.4. Subjective Questionnaires
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Literature | Neutral Temperature [°C] | Insulation Level | Season | Parameter |
---|---|---|---|---|
Karacan et al., 1978 [25] | 22.2 | Light sheet, sleeping apparel, blanket | NA | Air temperature |
Dewasmes et al., 1996 [29] | 29 | Naked | NA | Air temperature |
Palca, 1986 [30] | 29 | Naked | NA | Air temperature |
Dewasmes et al., 2003 [31] | 25 | Cotton t-shirt, pajama pants, cotton sheet and wool blanket | NA | Air temperature |
Pan et al., 2012 [32] | 23 | Long sleeved sleep wear, quilt | Winter | Air temperature |
Tzuzuki et al., 2008 [33] | 26 | Short pajamas, cotton sheet and cotton blanket | Summer | Air temperature |
Lan et al., 2014 [23] | 26 | Short sleeved sleep wear, blanket | Summer | Air temperature |
Questions | Score | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. How well did you sleep? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||
Poor | Very good | ||||||||||
2. Did you sleep well? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Not at all | Very much | ||||||||||
3. Did you have deep sleep? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Not at all | Very much | ||||||||||
4. Did you have difficulty in falling asleep? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Not at all | Very much | ||||||||||
5. Did you have difficulty staying asleep? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Not at all | Very much | ||||||||||
6. Do you feel refreshed after sleeping? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Not at all | Very much | ||||||||||
7. How many times did you wake up during the night? | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
Never | 5 times |
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Ngarambe, J.; Yun, G.Y.; Lee, K.; Hwang, Y. Effects of Changing Air Temperature at Different Sleep Stages on the Subjective Evaluation of Sleep Quality. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1417. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051417
Ngarambe J, Yun GY, Lee K, Hwang Y. Effects of Changing Air Temperature at Different Sleep Stages on the Subjective Evaluation of Sleep Quality. Sustainability. 2019; 11(5):1417. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051417
Chicago/Turabian StyleNgarambe, Jack, Geun Young Yun, Kisup Lee, and Yeona Hwang. 2019. "Effects of Changing Air Temperature at Different Sleep Stages on the Subjective Evaluation of Sleep Quality" Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1417. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051417