Study on Measurement of Green Productivity of Tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China
1
School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2
School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2018, 10(8), 2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082786
Received: 29 June 2018 / Revised: 28 July 2018 / Accepted: 1 August 2018 / Published: 7 August 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Travel Behaviour and Sustainable Transport of the Future)
This paper introduces energy consumption and carbon emission into the analysis framework of the green productivity of tourism. By comparing and analyzing the two main methods used to evaluate the energy consumption and carbon emission estimations of tourism, namely, the “top-down” and “bottom-up” method, and considering the availability of data, the “bottom-up” method was adopted to evaluate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (YREZ). Then, using the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index in the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, the green productivity of the tourism in 11 provinces and cities in the YREZ from 2006 to 2015 was measured. The empirical results show that: (1) The energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourism in the YREZ have increased steadily over the past 10 years, which has caused a certain degree of pollution to the environment, indicating that tourism is no longer a “smoke-free industry”; (2) there are significant provincial differences between the energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourism in the YREZ, with Shanghai always ranking first, while Guizhou and Yunnan ranks last, which represents that the tourism economic development level is positively correlated with the tourism energy consumption and carbon emissions; (3) the green productivity of tourism in the YREZ shows a fluctuating increasing trend in the past 10 years, and technological progress has become the main reason for its growth in green productivity; and (4) the green productivity of tourism in 11 provinces and cities in the YREZ can be divided into three types: Progressive type of tourism green development, stagnant type of tourism green development, and declining type of tourism green development. Consequently, different types of provinces should explore effective dependency paths based on their own conditions.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, G.; Shi, P.; Hai, F.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X. Study on Measurement of Green Productivity of Tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082786
AMA Style
Liu G, Shi P, Hai F, Zhang Y, Li X. Study on Measurement of Green Productivity of Tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(8):2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082786
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Gang; Shi, Pengfei; Hai, Feng; Zhang, Yi; Li, Xingming. 2018. "Study on Measurement of Green Productivity of Tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China" Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082786
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