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  • World Electric Vehicle Journal is published by MDPI from Volume 9 issue 1 (2018). Previous articles were published by The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA) and its member the European Association for e-Mobility (AVERE), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP). They are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with AVERE.
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  • Open Access

27 December 2013

Environmental impact of Converted Electrical Motorcycle

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and
1
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-03, No.1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
2
University Scholars Programme/ School of Computing, National University of Singapore
3
Engineering Design and Innovation Centre, National University of Singapore
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract

This study explores the environmental impact of the conversion of an internal combustion engine (ICE) sports motorcycle into a converted battery-powered electric vehicle (CBEV). Zero tailpipe emissions might lead to the assumption that such an ICE-to-BEV conversion will always yield net positive environmental benefits in life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy reductions, but energy inputs and materials impacts associated with the conversion of a CBEV are weighed against savings during postconversion usage. It was found that conversion would reduce the life cycle energy consumed and emissions produced of a typical motorcycle by 72% and 45% respectively. These findings have important considerations for the current global transportation landscape.

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