Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Glaucoma—A Review
Ingrida Januleviciene Eye Clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 50009, Lithuania
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Pharmaceutics 2012, 4(1), 243-251; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics4010243
Received: 14 February 2012 / Revised: 29 February 2012 / Accepted: 14 March 2012 / Published: 21 March 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocular Drug Delivery)
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and medical therapy is the initial option for the treatment of this potentially blinding condition. Topical instillation of eye drops from the bottle is the most common glaucoma drug delivery form. Due to limited permeability of anterior ocular surface, natural clearance and drainage, eye drops contain large amounts of inactive ingredients. Effective penetration enhancers are known as irritants causing ocular discomfort. Although drug efficacy is determined by active ingredients, inactive agents can affect tolerance and can result in conjunctival irritation and hyperemia and influence patients’ adherence and quality of life.
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Keywords:
glaucoma; pharmacokinetics; drug penetration; topical application
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
MDPI and ACS Style
Januleviciene, I.; Siaudvytyte, L.; Barsauskaite, R. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Glaucoma—A Review. Pharmaceutics 2012, 4, 243-251.
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