Development and Evaluation of Anti-Pollution Film-Forming Facial Spray Containing Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract
2.3. Solubility Classification of CCS Extract
2.4. Preparation of Film-Forming Spray
2.5. Characterizations and Stability Tests of Film-Forming Spray
2.5.1. Physical Appearance and Film Formation After Drying of Spray
2.5.2. Viscosity and pH
2.5.3. Uniformity of Weight per Spray
2.5.4. Spray Pattern and Spray Angle
2.5.5. Theoretical Film Thickness
2.5.6. Particle Adhesion
2.5.7. Stability Study of Film-Forming Spray Containing CCS Extract
2.6. Skin Penetration and Skin Retention Studies of Film-Forming Spray Containing CCS Extract
2.6.1. Skin Penetration Determination
2.6.2. Skin Retention Determination
2.7. Clinical Study
2.7.1. Study Design and Participants
2.7.2. In Vivo Human Skin Patch Test
2.7.3. Clinical Evaluation
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Solubility Study of CCS Extract
3.2. Characterizations and Stability Test of Film-Forming Spray
3.2.1. Characterizations of Physical Appearance and Spray Parameters
3.2.2. Dust Protection Effect of Film-Forming Spray
3.2.3. Stability Study of Film-Forming Spray Containing CCS Extract
3.3. Skin Penetration and Skin Retention Studies
3.4. In Vivo Human Skin Patch Test
3.5. Clinical Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Descriptive Term | Parts of Solvent Required Per Part of Solute | Descriptive Term |
---|---|---|
Very soluble | <1 | >1000 |
Freely soluble | 1 to 10 | 100–1000 |
Soluble | 10 to 30 | 33–100 |
Sparingly soluble | 30 to 100 | 10–33 |
Slightly soluble | 100 to 1000 | 1–10 |
Ethanol (% w/w) | Water (% w/w) | Propylene Glycol (% w/w) |
---|---|---|
50 | 50 | 0 |
45 | 50 | 5 |
40 | 50 | 10 |
35 | 50 | 15 |
50 | 50 | 0 |
Formular | Ingredient | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVP K90 | PVP/VA 64 | ACP | PG | Ethanol | Water | CCS Extract | |
FFS1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 10 | 40 | 50 | - |
FFS2 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 10 | 40 | 50 | - |
FFS1-CCS | 0.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 10 | 40 | 50 | 1 |
FFS2-CCS | 0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 10 | 40 | 50 | 1 |
Formular | pH | Viscosity (mPa·s) | Spray Angle (θ) | Spray Weight (g) | Film Thickness (µm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FFS1 | 5.5 | 46.9 ± 5.2 b | 69.2 ± 0.5 a | 0.12 ± 0.0 a | 2.0 ± 0.1 b |
FFS2 | 5.3 | 36.3 ± 5.1 a | 71.1 ± 0.8 b | 0.13 ± 0.0 a | 1.5 ± 0.0 a |
FFS1-CCS | 4.5 | 46.5 ± 7.6 b | 68.8 ± 1.8 a | 0.13 ± 0.0 a | 2.4 ± 0.0 b |
FFS2-CCS | 4.6 | 35.9 ± 5.2 a | 70.9 ± 0.7 b | 0.12 ± 0.0 a | 1.6 ± 0.1 a |
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Preedalikit, W.; Chittasupho, C.; Leelapornpisid, P.; Qi, S.; Kiattisin, K. Development and Evaluation of Anti-Pollution Film-Forming Facial Spray Containing Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030360
Preedalikit W, Chittasupho C, Leelapornpisid P, Qi S, Kiattisin K. Development and Evaluation of Anti-Pollution Film-Forming Facial Spray Containing Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(3):360. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030360
Chicago/Turabian StylePreedalikit, Weeraya, Chuda Chittasupho, Pimporn Leelapornpisid, Sheng Qi, and Kanokwan Kiattisin. 2025. "Development and Evaluation of Anti-Pollution Film-Forming Facial Spray Containing Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 3: 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030360
APA StylePreedalikit, W., Chittasupho, C., Leelapornpisid, P., Qi, S., & Kiattisin, K. (2025). Development and Evaluation of Anti-Pollution Film-Forming Facial Spray Containing Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract. Pharmaceutics, 17(3), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030360