Magnetoliposomes Containing Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Applications in Breast Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles
2.2. Preparation of Magnetoliposomes
2.3. Preparation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
2.4. Spectroscopic Measurements
2.4.1. General Methods
2.4.2. FRET Measurements
2.4.3. Fluorescence Anisotropy Measurements
2.4.4. Drug Encapsulation Efficiency
2.5. Structural Characterization
2.5.1. Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM)
2.5.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.5.3. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
2.6. Magnetic Measurements
2.7. Nanoparticles Encapsulation Efficiency
2.8. Studies in Cell Lines
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Properties of the Antitumor Compounds
3.1.1. Studies in Cell Lines
3.1.2. Fluorescence Properties
3.2. Nanoparticles Characterization
3.2.1. Absorption Spectra
3.2.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Measurements
3.2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.2.4. Magnetic Properties
3.3. Development of Magnetoliposomes
3.3.1. Magnetoliposomes Characterization
3.3.2. Interaction with Model Membranes
3.4. Drug-Loaded Magnetoliposomes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GI50 (μM) [24] | Compound 1 | Compound 2 |
---|---|---|
MCF-7 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
MDA-MB-231 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.8 |
GI50 (μM) a | Compound 1 | Compound 2 |
---|---|---|
NCI-H460 | 34.6 ± 1.0 | 30.4 ± 1.3 |
HeLa | 13.7 ± 0.6 | 13.0 ± 0.7 |
HepG2 | 25.4 ± 2.5 | 24.2 ± 1.5 |
PLP2 | 34.2 ± 3.3 | 46.8 ± 2.1 |
Sample | Ox,y,z | i * | Lattice Constant (nm) | Size (nm) | RF | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaFe2O4 (original XRD data) | 0.243 | 0.85 | 0.8340 | 4.83 | 2.90 | 1.06 |
CaFe2O4 (background subtracted XRD data) | 0.241 | 0.85 | 0.8338 | 5.26 | 4.98 | 0.91 |
System | Lipid | Size ± SD (nm) | PDI ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
AMLs | Egg-PC | 129 ± 12 | 0.139 ± 0.04 |
DPPC | 132 ± 15 | 0.185 ± 0.08 | |
SMLs | DPPC | 164 ± 23 | 0.203 ± 0.02 |
Lipid | Anisotropy, r | ||
---|---|---|---|
Compound 1 | Compound 2 | ||
Liposomes | Egg-PC (25 °C) | 0.182 [39] | 0.155 |
DPPC (25 °C) | 0.251 [39] | 0.181 | |
DPPC (55 °C) | 0.157 [39] | 0.115 | |
AMLs | Egg-PC (25 °C) | 0.176 | 0.138 |
DPPC (25 °C) | 0.232 | 0.189 | |
DPPC (55 °C) | 0.106 | 0.105 | |
SMLs | DPPC (25 °C) | 0.212 | 0.175 |
DPPC (55 °C) | 0.094 | 0.106 | |
Glycerol | ---- | 0.308 [39] | 0.255 |
System | EE% ± SD | |
---|---|---|
Compound 1 | Compound 2 | |
AMLs (Egg-PC) | 81.9 ± 8.5 | 86.3 ± 8.2 |
SMLs (DPPC) | 68.2 ± 9.1 | 75.8 ± 10.9 |
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Pereira, D.S.M.; Cardoso, B.D.; Rodrigues, A.R.O.; Amorim, C.O.; Amaral, V.S.; Almeida, B.G.; Queiroz, M.-J.R.P.; Martinho, O.; Baltazar, F.; Calhelha, R.C.; et al. Magnetoliposomes Containing Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Applications in Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090477
Pereira DSM, Cardoso BD, Rodrigues ARO, Amorim CO, Amaral VS, Almeida BG, Queiroz M-JRP, Martinho O, Baltazar F, Calhelha RC, et al. Magnetoliposomes Containing Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Applications in Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(9):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090477
Chicago/Turabian StylePereira, Daniela S. M., Beatriz D. Cardoso, Ana Rita O. Rodrigues, Carlos O. Amorim, Vítor S. Amaral, Bernardo G. Almeida, Maria-João R. P. Queiroz, Olga Martinho, Fátima Baltazar, Ricardo C. Calhelha, and et al. 2019. "Magnetoliposomes Containing Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles for Applications in Breast Cancer Therapy" Pharmaceutics 11, no. 9: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090477