Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Results Using the GastroDuo and the Salivary Tracer Technique: Immediate Release Dosage Forms under Fasting Conditions
by
Maximilian Sager 1
, Philipp Schick 1, Magdalena Mischek 1, Christian Schulze 2, Mahmoud Hasan 3,4, Marie-Luise Kromrey 5, Hassan Benameur 6, Martin Wendler 7, Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov 4, Werner Weitschies 1,* and Mirko Koziolek 1
Maximilian Sager 1, Philipp Schick 1, Magdalena Mischek 1, Christian Schulze 2, Mahmoud Hasan 3,4, Marie-Luise Kromrey 5, Hassan Benameur 6, Martin Wendler 7, Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov 4, Werner Weitschies 1,* and Mirko Koziolek 1
1
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
5
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
6
Lonza R&D Center of Excellence, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
7
Institute of Mathematical Stochastics, Faculty of Mathematics, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2019, 11(12), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120659
Received: 4 November 2019 / Revised: 28 November 2019 / Accepted: 4 December 2019 / Published: 7 December 2019
The fasted state administration of immediate release (IR) dosage forms is often regarded as uncritical since physiological aspects seem to play a minor role for disintegration and drug release. However, recent in vivo studies in humans have highlighted that fasted state conditions are in fact highly dynamic. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the disintegration and drug release behavior of four different IR formulations of the probe drug caffeine under physiologically relevant conditions with the aid of the GastroDuo. One film-coated tablet and three different capsule formulations based on capsule shells either made from hard gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were tested in six different test programs. To evaluate the relevance of the data generated, the four IR formulations were also studied in a four-way cross-over study in 14 healthy volunteers by using the salivary tracer technique (STT). It could be shown that the IR formulations behaved differently in the in vitro test programs. Thereby, the simulated parameters affected the disintegration and dissolution behavior of the four IR formulations in different ways. Whereas drug release from the tablet started early and was barely affected by temperature, pH or motility, the different capsule formulations showed a longer lag time and were sensitive to specific parameters. However, once drug release was initiated, it typically progressed with a higher rate for the capsules compared to the tablet. Interestingly, the results obtained with the STT were not always in line with the in vitro data. This observation was due to the fact that the probability of the different test programs was not equal and that certain scenarios were rather unlikely to occur under the controlled and standardized conditions of clinical studies. Nonetheless, the in vitro data are still valuable as they allowed to discriminate between different formulations.
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Keywords:
dissolution methods; biorelevant in vitro model; clinical study; salivary tracer technique; GastroDuo
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sager, M.; Schick, P.; Mischek, M.; Schulze, C.; Hasan, M.; Kromrey, M.-L.; Benameur, H.; Wendler, M.; Tzvetkov, M.V.; Weitschies, W.; Koziolek, M. Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Results Using the GastroDuo and the Salivary Tracer Technique: Immediate Release Dosage Forms under Fasting Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 659.
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