Embedded 3D Printing of Novel Bespoke Soft Dosage Form Concept for Pediatrics
by
Katarzyna Rycerz 1,2, Krzysztof Adam Stepien 1,2, Marta Czapiewska 1,3, Basel T. Arafat 4, Rober Habashy 1, Abdullah Isreb 1, Matthew Peak 5
and Mohamed A. Alhnan 6,*
Katarzyna Rycerz 1,2, Krzysztof Adam Stepien 1,2, Marta Czapiewska 1,3, Basel T. Arafat 4, Rober Habashy 1, Abdullah Isreb 1, Matthew Peak 5 and Mohamed A. Alhnan 6,*
1
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
2
Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Jurasza 2 St., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
4
Faculty of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
5
Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
6
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2019, 11(12), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120630
Received: 20 October 2019 / Revised: 15 November 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2019 / Published: 26 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery Devices)
Embedded three-dimensional printing (e-3DP) is an emerging method for additive manufacturing where semi-solid materials are extruded within a solidifying liquid matrix. Here, we present the first example of employing e-3DP in the pharmaceutical field and demonstrate the fabrication of bespoke chewable dosage forms with dual drug loading for potential use in pediatrics. LegoTM-like chewable bricks made of edible soft material (gelatin-based matrix) were produced by directly extruding novel printing patterns of model drug ink (embedded phase) into a liquid gelatin-based matrix (embedding phase) at an elevated temperature (70 °C) to then solidify at room temperature. Dose titration of the two model drugs (paracetamol and ibuprofen) was possible by using specially designed printing patterns of the embedded phase to produce varying doses. A linearity [R2 = 0.9804 (paracetamol) and 0.9976 (ibuprofen)] was achieved between percentage of completion of printing patterns and achieved doses using a multi-step method. The impact of embedded phase rheological behavior, the printing speed and the needle size of the embedded phase were examined. Owning to their appearance, modular nature, ease of personalizing dose and geometry, and tailoring and potential inclusion of various materials, this new dosage form concept holds a substantial promise for novel dosage forms in pediatrics.
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Keywords:
personalized medicine; additive manufacturing; complex structures; tablets; patient-specific; structural design; gums
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rycerz, K.; Stepien, K.A.; Czapiewska, M.; Arafat, B.T.; Habashy, R.; Isreb, A.; Peak, M.; Alhnan, M.A. Embedded 3D Printing of Novel Bespoke Soft Dosage Form Concept for Pediatrics. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 630.
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