Burden and Trends of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Overall Acute Hepatitis Burden and Time Trends in Asia
3.2. Sex and Age Diversities in Acute Hepatitis Burden and Time Trends
3.3. Diversities of Acute Hepatitis Burden in Asian Countries
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EAPC | Changes between 1990 and 2019 (Absolute Values in 2019) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute Hepatitis A | Acute Hepatitis B | Acute Hepatitis C | Acute Hepatitis E | Acute Hepatitis A | Acute Hepatitis B | Acute Hepatitis C | Acute Hepatitis E | |
DALYs | ||||||||
Asia | −4.10 (−4.59, −3.60) | −2.78 (−2.88, −2.67) | −4.17 (−4.38, −3.95) | −2.07 (−2.23, −1.90) | −68.19% (1,915,808) | −35.33% (1,136,515) | −59.28% (181,761) | −33.01% (105,384) |
1st | Georgia: 1.10 (0.62, 1.59) | Georgia: 3.23 (1.77, 4.70) | Oman: −0.88 (−0.98, −0.77) | Cambodia: 1.99 (1.17, 2.81) | Qatar: 298.22% (105) | UAE: 393.91% (2627) | Qatar: 208.55% (6) | Qatar: 334.41% (13) |
2nd | Cyprus: −0.01 (−0.12, 0.09) | Cambodia: 1.25 (0.53, 1.97) | Cambodia: −1.04 (−1.87, −0.20) | Georgia: 1.73 (0.84, 2.63) | UAE: 149.8% (482) | Qatar: 277.37% (115) | UAE: 133.34% (62) | UAE: 214.32% (86) |
3rd | Singapore: −0.30 (−0.36, −0.23) | Mauritius: −0.60 (−0.99, −0.22) | Sri Lanka: −2.27 (−2.90, −1.63) | Oman: −0.04 (−0.06, −0.02) | Bahrain: 64.21% (48) | Cambodia: 101.86% (5664) | Bahrain: 97.73% (4) | Oman: 140.45% (10) |
4th | Japan: −0.97 (−1.24, −0.70) | Sri Lanka: −0.92 (−1.47, −0.38) | Qatar: −2.63 (−2.78, −2.47) | Iraq: −0.05 (−0.27, 0.17) | Singapore: 59.13% (128) | Bahrain: 69.33% (148) | Oman: 61.17% (7) | Bahrain: 95.88% (5) |
5th | Mauritius: −1.27 (−1.83, −0.71) | India: −0.93 (−1.37, −0.50) | Bahrain: −2.70 (−2.97, −2.43) | Uzbekistan: −0.14 (−0.15, −0.12) | Cyprus: 51.22% (31) | Oman: 66.31% (128) | Cambodia: −7.31% (1856) | Iraq: 93.59% (256) |
Death | ||||||||
Asia | −4.71 (−5.03, −4.38) | −3.41 (−3.54, −3.28) | −4.73 (−4.84, −4.63) | −3.13 (−3.25, −3.00) | −65.87% (31,792) | −30.21% (22,473) | −54.27% (3868) | −34.08% (1562) |
1st | Georgia: 4.62 (2.71, 6.57) | Georgia: 4.15 (2.46, 5.87) | Cambodia: −0.59 (−1.47, 0.29) | Cambodia: 2.94 (1.98, 3.90) | UAE: 128.61% (6) | UAE: 447.05% (61) | UAE: 146.31% (1) | Oman: 282.22% (0) |
2nd | Cambodia: −1.33 (−2.16, −0.49) | Cambodia: 1.83 (1.00, 2.67) | Oman: −1.89 (−2.42, −1.36) | Oman: 2.44 (2.07, 2.81) | Qatar: 28.12% (0) | Qatar: 278.41% (2) | Qatar: 120.79% (0) | UAE: 262.68% (1) |
3rd | Pakistan: −3.57 (−3.74, −3.39) | Mauritius: −0.19 (−1.16, 0.79) | Sri Lanka: −2.28 (−2.94, −1.61) | Georgia: 2.37 (0.49, 4.29) | Bahrain: −7.11% (0) | Cambodia: 153.25% (137) | Bahrain: 67.41% (0) | Qatar: 254.27% (0) |
4th | UAE: −4.33 (−4.50, −4.16) | Oman: −0.30 (−0.52, −0.09) | Nepal: −3.36 (−3.46, −3.26) | Iraq: 0.20 (−0.09, 0.49) | Georgia: −7.81% (1) | Oman: 128.62% (0) | Cambodia: 16.8% (47) | Cambodia: 157.4% (8) |
5th | India: −4.46 (−5.04, −3.88) | Sri Lanka: −0.92 (−1.61, −0.22) | Qatar: −3.4 (−3.7, −3.1) | Sri Lanka: −0.05 (−0.75, 0.65) | Cambodia: −15.63% (118) | Bahrain: 79.04% (3) | Sri Lanka: −2.85% (2) | Iraq: 116.42% (3) |
Incidence | ||||||||
Asia | −0.06 (−0.08, −0.05) | −1.95 (−2.11, −1.08) | −0.91 (−1.18, −0.64) | −0.26 (−0.28, −0.24) | −0.24% (85,755,696) | −13.9% (53,022,856) | −3.5% (2,296,508) | 7.51% (13,360,826) |
1st | Thailand: 1.35 (0.99, 1.71) | Azerbaijan: −0.79 (−0.93, −0.64) | Armenia: 0.53 (0.45, 0.62) | Bhutan: 1.09 (0.84, 1.34) | Qatar: 323.67% (46,144) | UAE: 297.65% (49,152) | Qatar: 443.14% (2294) | Qatar: 437.76% (3116) |
2nd | Japan: 0.86 (0.68, 1.03) | Afghanistan: −0.85 (−1.00, −0.71) | Mongolia: 0.41 (0.24, 0.57) | Yemen: 0.56 (0.36, 0.76) | Afghanistan: 246.45% (1,509,027) | Qatar: 282.41% (18,590) | UAE: 391.06% (7172) | UAE: 275.22% (9450) |
3rd | South Korea: 0.37 (0.09, 0.65) | Japan: −0.85 (−0.95, −0.76) | Syria: 0.38 (0.06, 0.70) | Turkey: 0.46 (0.25, 0.67) | UAE: 145.54% (120,156) | Afghanistan: 152.9% (610,373) | Bahrain: 177.11% (1338) | Afghanistan: 236.32% (66,456) |
4th | Nepal: 0.31 (0.27, 0.35) | Georgia: −0.99 (−1.14, −0.84) | Kazakhstan: 0.32 (0.28, 0.36) | Indonesia: 0.20 (0.11, 0.28) | Jordan: 117.81% (301,023) | Bahrain: 100.63% (12,765) | Jordan: 159.84% (7068) | Jordan: 163.64% (14,854) |
5th | Bhutan: 0.28 (0.27, 0.30) | Laos: −1.00 (−1.18, −0.82) | Uzbekistan: 0.20 (0.07, 0.32) | Thailand: 0.12 (0.03, 0.20) | Palestine: 81.86% (157,536) | Yemen: 50.48% (562,645) | Afghanistan: 155.33% (48,471) | Yemen: 153.5% (33,506) |
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Liu, Q.; Liu, M.; Liu, J. Burden and Trends of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019. Viruses 2022, 14, 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061180
Liu Q, Liu M, Liu J. Burden and Trends of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019. Viruses. 2022; 14(6):1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061180
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Qiao, Min Liu, and Jue Liu. 2022. "Burden and Trends of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019" Viruses 14, no. 6: 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061180
APA StyleLiu, Q., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2022). Burden and Trends of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Asia from 1990 to 2019. Viruses, 14(6), 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061180