Do Blood Phenotypes of Feline AB Blood Group System Affect the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serostatus in Cats?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Typing and Back Typing
2.2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA Extraction and Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR)
2.3. SARS-CoV-2 Serological Testing
2.4. Additional Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter (n = Number of Samples Tested) | Variable | SARS-CoV-2 (n = 215) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seropositive (n = 4) n (%) | Seronegative (n = 211) n (%) | |||
Origin n = 215 | Stray colony cats | 1 (0.5%) | 108 (50.2%) | 0.2960 |
Shelter cats | 1 (0.5%) | 38 (17.7%) | 0.7199 | |
Owned cats | 2 (0.9%) | 65 (30.2%) | 0.4127 | |
Breed n = 215 | DSH | 3 (1.4%) | 190 (88.4%) | 0.3264 |
non DSH | 1 (0.5%) | 21 (9.7%) | ||
Gender n = 214 | Male | 3 (1.4%) | 98 (45.8%) | 0.2619 |
Female | 1 (0.5%) | 112 (52.3%) | ||
Reproductive status n = 214 | Neutered | 3 (1.4%) | 73 (34.1%) | 0.0965 |
Intact | 1 (0.5%) | 137 (64.0%) | ||
Age class n = 205 | Kitten (0–1 yr) | 0 (0.0%) | 69 (33.7%) | 0.1512 |
Young adult (1–6 yrs) | 4 (2.0%) | 85 (41.5%) | 0.0220 | |
Mature adult (7–10 yrs) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (8.3%) | 0.5446 | |
Senior (>11 yrs) | 0 (0.0%) | 30 (14.6%) | 0.4041 | |
FeLV serostatus n = 213 | Positive | 1 (0.5%) | 7 (3.3%) | 0.0244 |
Negative | 3 (1.4%) | 202 (94.8%) | ||
FIV serostatus n = 213 | Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 22 (10.3%) | 1.000 (Fisher’s exact test) |
Negative | 4 (1.9%) | 187 (87.8%) | ||
FeLV + FIV coinfection n = 213 | Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (2.3%) | 1.000 (Fisher’s exact test) |
Negative | 4 (1.9%) | 204 (95.8%) | ||
Blood phenotype n = 215 | Type A | 3 (1.4%) | 190 (88.4%) | 0.3264 |
Type B | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (7.0%) | 1.000 (Fisher’s exact test) | |
Type AB | 1 (0.5%) | 6 (2.8%) | 0.0136 |
No. | Origin | Gender and Neutering Status | Breed | Age (Years, Months) | Reason for Evaluation | Clinical Status | Retroviruses Status | N-Protein SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (S/P Cut-Off > 60%) | sVNT (Inhibition Cut-Off > 30%) | SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR (Oropharyngeal and Rectalswabs) | IgG Antibodies FCoV IFAT (Titre Cut-Off ≥ 1:100) | Blood Phenotype |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Owned | Neutered male | DSH | 6 | Bite wound | Healthy | Negative | 320% | 88% | Negative | <1:100 | AB |
2 | Stray colony | Intact male | DSH | 3 | Orchiectomy | Healthy | FeLV+ | 107% | 57% | Negative | <1:100 | A |
3 | Owned | Neutered male | DSH | 3 | FIV infection- related signs | Unhealthy (respiratory and gastroenteric signs) | FIV+ | 126% | <0.1% | Not done | 1:100 | AB |
4 | Owned | Neutered male | Bengal | 1 | Chronic diarrhea | Unhealthy | Negative | 216% | 86% | Not done | 1:100 | A |
5 | Stray colony | Intact female | DSH | 2 | Ovariectomy | Healthy | Negative | 88% | <0.1% | Negative | <1:100 | A |
6 | Stray colony | Intact female | DSH | 1.9 | Orchiectomy | Healthy | Negative | 209% | <0.1% | Negative | 1:200 | A |
7 | Shelter | Neutered female | DSH | 1.5 | Retroviruses test before adoption | Healthy | Negative | 110% | 77% | Negative | 1:100 | A |
8 | Shelter | Neutered female | DSH | 14 | Geriatric check-up | Healthy | Negative | 422% | <0.1% | Negative | 1:400 | A |
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Spada, E.; Bruno, F.; Castelli, G.; Vitale, F.; Reale, S.; Biondi, V.; Migliazzo, A.; Perego, R.; Baggiani, L.; Proverbio, D. Do Blood Phenotypes of Feline AB Blood Group System Affect the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serostatus in Cats? Viruses 2022, 14, 2691. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122691
Spada E, Bruno F, Castelli G, Vitale F, Reale S, Biondi V, Migliazzo A, Perego R, Baggiani L, Proverbio D. Do Blood Phenotypes of Feline AB Blood Group System Affect the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serostatus in Cats? Viruses. 2022; 14(12):2691. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122691
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpada, Eva, Federica Bruno, Germano Castelli, Fabrizio Vitale, Stefano Reale, Vito Biondi, Antonella Migliazzo, Roberta Perego, Luciana Baggiani, and Daniela Proverbio. 2022. "Do Blood Phenotypes of Feline AB Blood Group System Affect the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serostatus in Cats?" Viruses 14, no. 12: 2691. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122691
APA StyleSpada, E., Bruno, F., Castelli, G., Vitale, F., Reale, S., Biondi, V., Migliazzo, A., Perego, R., Baggiani, L., & Proverbio, D. (2022). Do Blood Phenotypes of Feline AB Blood Group System Affect the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serostatus in Cats? Viruses, 14(12), 2691. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122691