Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Molecular Assays
2.3. Serological Assays
2.4. Neutralization Assay
2.5. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics and Distribution of Patients Positive for Phleboviruses
3.2. Patterns of Molecular and Serological Diagnosis
3.3. Phlebovirus Outbreak in 2013 Reported in Lombardy Region
3.4. Follow-Up of Seven Patients Revealed Different Serological Pattern of Seroconversion
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IgM+/IgG− | IgM+/IgG−/+ NT Abs−/+ | IgM−/IgG− NT Abs− | Total Number of Patients | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TOSV RT-PCR/ Panphlebo+ | 1 | 9 | 0 | 10 |
TOSV RT-PCR/ Panphlebo− | 0 | 32 | 235 | 267 |
TOSV RT-PCR/ Panphlebo ND | 0 | 0 | 372 | 372 |
Total | 1 | 41 | 607 | 649 |
ID | Follow-Up | Age | Area | IFT Sandfly Fever Virus Mosaic 1 IgM | IFT Sandfly Fever Virus Mosaic IgG | NT Abs | RT-PCR | Travel in Endemic Area | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum | CSF | Serum | CSF | Serum | CSF | ||||||
1 | A | 52 | Pavia | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | Marche |
5 | A | 38 | Varese | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | Greece |
7 | A | 62 | Pavia | + | NA | + | NA | − | − | NA | NO |
8 | A | 59 | Pavia | + | - | + | − | − | − | − | Calabria |
10 | A | 66 | Cremona | + | NA | + | NA | + | − | NA | NO |
11 | A | 68 | Cremona | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | NO |
13 | A | 89 | Cremona | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | NO |
2 | NA | 85 | Pavia | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | NO |
3 | NA | 65 | Pavia | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | NO |
4 | NA | 40 | Brescia | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | Romania |
6 | NA | 73 | Pavia | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | Liguria |
9 | NA | 98 | Pavia | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | NO |
12 | NA | 23 | Cremona | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | NO |
14 | NA | 89 | Cremona | + | NA | + | NA | + | − | NA | NO |
15 | NA | 85 | Cremona | + | NA | + | NA | + | − | NA | NO |
16 | NA | 37 | Cremona | + | NA | + | NA | + | − | NA | NO |
17 | NA | 48 | Cremona | + | NA | − | NA | − | − | NA | NO |
18 | NA | 35 | Cremona | + | NA | + | − | + | − | − | NO |
19 | NA | 66 | Pavia | + | NA | + | NA | − | − | − | NO |
Patient ID | Serology Results | NT Abs Titer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day of Sample Collection | Type of Phlebovirus Identified | IgM | IgG | 181135/14 TOSV | 181135/4 Ponticelli I | 181135/8 Ponticelli II | 220116/5 Ponticelli III | |
1 | 22 August 2013 6 September 2013 | TOSV | P P | N P | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 |
5 | 13 September 2013 2 October 2013 | SFCV | P P | N P | <10 20 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 |
7 | 21September 2013 2 October 2013 21 October 2013 | SFNV | P P P | N P P | <10 <10 <10 | <10 <10 <10 | <10 10 40 | <10 <10 <10 |
8 | 19 September 2013 8 October 2013 | SFCV | P N | P P | 10 40 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 <10 |
10 | 24 September 2013 29 October 2013 | SFSV | P P | P P | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 20 | <10 <10 |
11 | 24 September 2013 17 October 2013 | SFCV | P P | N P | <10 <10 | <10 <10 | <10 20 | <10 <10 |
13 | 15 October 2013 19 November 2013 | TOSV | P P | N P | <10 640 | <10 <10 | <10 20 | <10 <10 |
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Percivalle, E.; Cassaniti, I.; Calzolari, M.; Lelli, D.; Baldanti, F. Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region. Viruses 2021, 13, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020209
Percivalle E, Cassaniti I, Calzolari M, Lelli D, Baldanti F. Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region. Viruses. 2021; 13(2):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020209
Chicago/Turabian StylePercivalle, Elena, Irene Cassaniti, Mattia Calzolari, Davide Lelli, and Fausto Baldanti. 2021. "Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region" Viruses 13, no. 2: 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020209