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10.3390/ma18040796
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Article

High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity

by
Lujun Niu
1,
Qiren Sun
1,
Shijia Wei
1,
Dixiang Gong
2,
Enhui Wang
1,3,
Yan Chen
1,
Lu Xia
4,
Xingyu Liu
4,
Langping Tu
5,
Long Shao
5,
Hongfei Li
5 and
Jing Zuo
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
3
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
4
The 49th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin 150028, China
5
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(4), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040796
Submission received: 29 November 2024 / Revised: 31 January 2025 / Accepted: 3 February 2025 / Published: 11 February 2025
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Abstract

Boosting the accuracy and speed of cancer detection is highly desirous in tumor detection, and sensors capable of detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have great application prospects in this field. A highly sensitive sensor is constructed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with heavily rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as energy donors and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) as energy acceptors. This sensor detects the fluctuations in CEA molecules via luminescence quenching and recovery resulting from a competitive binding assay between CEA and PDA NPs. The high-level-doped design of UCNPs (i.e., NaYF4@NaYbF4:1%Tm@NaYF4) is beneficial, providing upconversion luminescence intensity that is more than 10 times higher than that of the conventional low-level-doped UCNPs (i.e., NaYF4@NaYF4:20%Yb, 0.2%Tm@NaYF4). The sensor exhibits impressive sensitivity. Specifically, in diluted fetal bovine serum, the detection limit reaches 0.013 ng/mL in the range of 0–1.5 ng/mL (S/N = 3), while the detection limit is 1.38 ng/mL in the range of 1.5–250 ng/mL (S/N = 3). This method has great potential for future applications in the rapid and early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Keywords: high-level doping; CEA detection; UCNPs-PDA NP sensor; FRET high-level doping; CEA detection; UCNPs-PDA NP sensor; FRET
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MDPI and ACS Style

Niu, L.; Sun, Q.; Wei, S.; Gong, D.; Wang, E.; Chen, Y.; Xia, L.; Liu, X.; Tu, L.; Shao, L.; et al. High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity. Materials 2025, 18, 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040796

AMA Style

Niu L, Sun Q, Wei S, Gong D, Wang E, Chen Y, Xia L, Liu X, Tu L, Shao L, et al. High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity. Materials. 2025; 18(4):796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040796

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niu, Lujun, Qiren Sun, Shijia Wei, Dixiang Gong, Enhui Wang, Yan Chen, Lu Xia, Xingyu Liu, Langping Tu, Long Shao, and et al. 2025. "High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity" Materials 18, no. 4: 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040796

APA Style

Niu, L., Sun, Q., Wei, S., Gong, D., Wang, E., Chen, Y., Xia, L., Liu, X., Tu, L., Shao, L., Li, H., & Zuo, J. (2025). High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity. Materials, 18(4), 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040796

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