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Volume 18
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10.3390/ma18235342
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Article

Fungal-Derived Chitosan from In Vitro Mushroom Cultures as an Antimicrobial Matrix for Silver Nanoparticles in Advanced Bioactive Materials

by
Agata Krakowska
1,2,*,
Dominik Műller
1,
Anna Kula
3,
Iwona Skiba-Kurek
4,
Beata Paczosa-Bator
1,*,
Bożena Muszyńska
5 and
Tomasz Skalski
6
1
AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
2
Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
3
AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
4
Department of Microbiology, University Hospital, Marii Orwid 11 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
5
Department of Medical Plant and Mushroom Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
6
Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235342
Submission received: 23 October 2025 / Revised: 11 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials)
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Abstract

This study investigates chitosan extracted from in vitro cultures of Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms as a novel antimicrobial matrix. The physicochemical properties including specific surface area, pore volume, and molecular structure were characterized by BET, SEM, and FTIR-ATR analyses. Chitosan from P. ostreatus exhibited a higher specific surface area (0.39 m2/g) compared to H. erinaceus (0.73 m2/g) and commercial chitosan (1.16 m2/g), correlating with enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Antibacterial efficacy was quantitatively evaluated by inhibition zone diameters, with P. ostreatus chitosan combined with silver nanoparticles achieving an average zone of 18.2 ± 0.5 mm against Escherichia coli, a 25% increase compared to chitosan alone. Thermal analysis showed improved stability upon silver modification, with endothermic peak shifts from 85 °C to 118 °C. These results demonstrate that fungal-derived chitosan, particularly from P. ostreatus, provides a bioactive matrix with significant antibacterial properties, supporting its potential for biomedical applications. The incorporation of quantitative metrics enhances the robustness and reproducibility of the findings.
Keywords: chitosan; biomass from in vitro; matrix; AgNPs; wound dressing chitosan; biomass from in vitro; matrix; AgNPs; wound dressing
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MDPI and ACS Style

Krakowska, A.; Műller, D.; Kula, A.; Skiba-Kurek, I.; Paczosa-Bator, B.; Muszyńska, B.; Skalski, T. Fungal-Derived Chitosan from In Vitro Mushroom Cultures as an Antimicrobial Matrix for Silver Nanoparticles in Advanced Bioactive Materials. Materials 2025, 18, 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235342

AMA Style

Krakowska A, Műller D, Kula A, Skiba-Kurek I, Paczosa-Bator B, Muszyńska B, Skalski T. Fungal-Derived Chitosan from In Vitro Mushroom Cultures as an Antimicrobial Matrix for Silver Nanoparticles in Advanced Bioactive Materials. Materials. 2025; 18(23):5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235342

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krakowska, Agata, Dominik Műller, Anna Kula, Iwona Skiba-Kurek, Beata Paczosa-Bator, Bożena Muszyńska, and Tomasz Skalski. 2025. "Fungal-Derived Chitosan from In Vitro Mushroom Cultures as an Antimicrobial Matrix for Silver Nanoparticles in Advanced Bioactive Materials" Materials 18, no. 23: 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235342

APA Style

Krakowska, A., Műller, D., Kula, A., Skiba-Kurek, I., Paczosa-Bator, B., Muszyńska, B., & Skalski, T. (2025). Fungal-Derived Chitosan from In Vitro Mushroom Cultures as an Antimicrobial Matrix for Silver Nanoparticles in Advanced Bioactive Materials. Materials, 18(23), 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235342

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