A 3D-Printed Ultra-Low Young’s Modulus β-Ti Alloy for Biomedical Applications
by
Massimo Pellizzari 1,*
, 
Alireza Jam 1,*, Matilde Tschon 2, Milena Fini 2, Carlo Lora 3 and Matteo Benedetti 1
Massimo Pellizzari 1,*, Alireza Jam 1,*, Matilde Tschon 2, Milena Fini 2, Carlo Lora 3 and Matteo Benedetti 1
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
2
Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
3
SISMA Spa, 36013 Piovene Rocchette (VI), Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122792
Received: 22 May 2020 / Revised: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 / Published: 20 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium and Titanium Based Materials in Biomedical Applications)
The metastable β-Ti21S alloy is evaluated as a potential candidate for biomedical parts. Near fully dense (99.75 ± 0.02%) samples are additively manufactured (that is, 3D-printed) by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF). In the as-built condition, the material consists of metastable β-phase only, with columnar grains oriented along the building direction. The material exhibits an extremely low Young’s modulus (52 ± 0.3 GPa), which was never reported for this type of alloy. The combination of good mechanical strength (σy0.2 = 709 ± 6 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 831 ± 3 MPa) and high total elongation during tensile test (21% ± 1.2%) in the as-built state, that is, without any heat treatment, is close to that of the wrought alloy and comparable to that of heat treated Ti grade 5. The good biocompatibility attested by cytotoxicity tests confirms its great suitability for biomedical applications.
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Keywords:
3D-printing; orthopaedic biomaterials; bone prosthesis; β-Titanium alloy; Young’s modulus; cytotoxicity
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Pellizzari, M.; Jam, A.; Tschon, M.; Fini, M.; Lora, C.; Benedetti, M. A 3D-Printed Ultra-Low Young’s Modulus β-Ti Alloy for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2020, 13, 2792.
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