Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler
1
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58249-140, Brazil
2
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
3
Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2019, 12(9), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
Received: 18 March 2019 / Revised: 26 March 2019 / Accepted: 1 April 2019 / Published: 8 May 2019
Epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/anhydride methyl tetrahydrophthalic/2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DGEBA/MTHPA/DEH 35) was produced by magnetic stirring; chicken eggshell (ES) was added as cure improver. Thermal stability, cure parameters, mechanical properties, and fracture surface were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the addition of ES slightly decreased the thermal stability, being T0.05 5% lower than that of the reference sample. The cure rate increased with the heating rates, while best results were obtained upon addition of neat membrane (M) from ES. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties were significantly improved with ES as well as with M, being the Young’s modulus 18% higher, the tensile strength 50% higher, and the deformation 35% higher than those of epoxy resin. SEM images showed that the synthetic compounds presented a smooth fracture surface, while the compounds with ES and M had a rougher surface with multiplane fractures, suggesting a fracture with higher energy absorption. In conclusion, epoxy/ES composites with better performance were produced, and effective tools are provided to control and attain in the future even better properties with ecological features.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
epoxy; eggshell; cure kinetics; mechanical properties; morphology
▼
Show Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
- Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 1556 KiB)
MDPI and ACS Style
Souza, J.W.d.L.; Jaques, N.G.; Popp, M.; Kolbe, J.; Fook, M.V.L.; Wellen, R.M.R. Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler. Materials 2019, 12, 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
AMA Style
Souza JWdL, Jaques NG, Popp M, Kolbe J, Fook MVL, Wellen RMR. Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouza, José W.d.L.; Jaques, Nichollas G.; Popp, Matthias; Kolbe, Jana; Fook, Marcus V.L.; Wellen, Renate M.R. 2019. "Optimization of Epoxy Resin: An Investigation of Eggshell as a Synergic Filler" Materials 12, no. 9: 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Search more from Scilit