Mechanical Characterizations of 3D-printed PLLA/Steel Particle Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. 3D Sample Fabrication
2.2. Nano-Indentation Tests
2.3. Finite Element Modeling
- An RVE should be sufficiently large to include the essential microstructural characteristics.
- The RVE size should be as small as possible so that the states of stress and strain can be homogenized in the whole model.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Nanoindentation Tests
3.2. Homogenization of the Poly-l-lactic Acid (PLLA) /Steel Composite
4. Conclusions
- The elastic modulus of a 3D printed composite with 10% particles was 31% higher than that for the pure PLLA polymer.
- Perfect bonding of particles was observed for almost all the samples.
- The measured thickness of the interphase was considerably lower than the diameter of the particles, and a sharp variation of the elastic modulus was observed around the particle’s edge.
- The sharing load of particles in the composite with 10% particles was approximately 60%, whereas this value for the composites with less than 10% particles was lower than 50%.
- Degradation of the interphase could reduce the elastic modulus of the composite by 70% and 7% under tensile and compressive loads, respectively.
- The shear modulus of the composite with 10% particles decreased by 36% when debonding occurred. In this case, the shear modulus of the composites was lower than that for the pure PLLA polymer.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Density (g·cm−3) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Flexural Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 1.26 | 71 | 3.31 |
420 stainless steel | 7.72 | 1793 | 199.95 |
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Mozafari, H.; Dong, P.; Hadidi, H.; Sealy, M.P.; Gu, L. Mechanical Characterizations of 3D-printed PLLA/Steel Particle Composites. Materials 2019, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010001
Mozafari H, Dong P, Hadidi H, Sealy MP, Gu L. Mechanical Characterizations of 3D-printed PLLA/Steel Particle Composites. Materials. 2019; 12(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMozafari, Hozhabr, Pengfei Dong, Haitham Hadidi, Michael P. Sealy, and Linxia Gu. 2019. "Mechanical Characterizations of 3D-printed PLLA/Steel Particle Composites" Materials 12, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010001