Gasification Processes of Portuguese Biomass: Theoretical Analysis of Hydrogen Production Potential

Portugal’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 has intensified the search for renewable energy alternatives, with biomass gasification emerging as a promising pathway for hydrogen production. This comprehensive review analyzes the potential of 39 Portuguese biomass species for gasification processes, based on extensive laboratory characterization data including proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating values, and metal content. The studied biomasses encompass woody shrubland species (matos arbustivos lenhosos), forest residues, and energy crops representative of Portugal’s diverse biomass resources. Results indicate significant variability in gasification potential, with moisture content ranging from 0.5% to 14.9%, ash content from 0.5% to 5.5%, and higher heating values between 16.8 and 21.2 MJ/kg. Theoretical hydrogen yield calculations suggest that Portuguese biomasses could produce between 85 and 120 kg H₂ per ton of dry biomass, with species such as Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, and Cytisus multiflorus showing the highest potential. Statistical analysis reveals strong negative correlations between moisture content and hydrogen yield potential (r = −0.63), while carbon content shows positive correlation with gasification efficiency. The comprehensive characterization provides essential data for optimizing gasification processes and establishing Portugal’s biomass-to-hydrogen production capacity, contributing to the national hydrogen strategy and renewable energy transition.