Journal of Eye Movement Research

11 pages, 252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eye-Tracking Multi-Word Units: Some Methodological Questions

by Gareth Carrol and Kathy Conklin

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(5), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.5 (registering DOI) - 16 Jan 2015

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 51

Eye-tracking in linguistics has focused mainly on reading at the level of the word or sentence. In this paper we discuss how the phenomenon of formulaic language might best be examined using this methodology. Formulaic language is fundamentally multi-word in nature, therefore an approach to eye-tracking that considers the “word” as the basic unit of analysis may require re-evaluation. We review the existing literature on single word and sentence processing, and also those studies that have used eye-tracking as a way of investigating formulaic language to date. We discuss how eye-tracking might elucidate the “added extra” processing advantage for formulaic language. We conclude with some suggestions about the best way to utilise eye-tracking within this sub-field of linguistic investigation. Full article

15 pages, 1047 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Attention Distribution and Cognitive Load in a Subtitled Academic Lecture: L1 vs. L2

by Jan-Louis Kruger, Esté Hefer and Gordon Matthew

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(5), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2014

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 152

Abstract

In multilingual classrooms, subtitling can be used to address the language needs of students from different linguistic backgrounds. The way students distribute their visual and cognitive resources during a lecture is important in educational design. Students have to shift their attention between sources of information of varying density and relevance. If there is redundancy between these sources, there will be competition and possible cognitive overload. This paper compares visual attention distribution between subtitles and other sources of information through eye tracking and relates this to academic comprehension and cognitive load as measured through self-report questionnaires and EEG. The study provides promising results for the use of both first and second language subtitles in academic contexts. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Experts and Novices on Scaffolded Data Visualizations Using Eye-Tracking

by Kathryn Stofer and Xuan Che

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(5), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.2 (registering DOI) - 8 Dec 2014

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 84

Abstract

Spatially-based scientific data visualizations are becoming widely available, yet they are often not optimized for novice audiences. This study follows after an investigation of ex-pert and novice meaning-making from scaffolded data visualizations using clinical inter-views. Using eye-tracking and concurrent interviewing, we examined quantitative fixation and AOI data and qualitative scan path data for two expertise groups (N = 20) on five versions of scaffolded global ocean data visualizations. We found influences of expertise, scaffolding, and trial. In accordance with our clinical interview findings, experts use dif-ferent meaning-making strategies from novices, but novice performance improves with scaffolding and guided practice, providing triangulation. Eye-tracking data also provide insight on meaning-making and effectiveness of scaffolding that clinical interviews alone did not. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure A1

9 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Memory Load on Eye Movement Control: A Study Using the Reading Span Test

by Miyuki Azuma, Takehiro Minamoto, Ken Yaoi, Mariko Osaka and Naoyuki Osaka

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(5), 1-9; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.3 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2014

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 63

Abstract

We investigated the effect of memory load on attentional control using the Reading Span Test (RST), a task that requires working memory capacity. Previous studies have shown that a shortage of working memory resources leads to a deficit of inhibition of task-irrelevant information and that memory load affects eye movement control. Here, we recorded eye movement and integrated it with RST performance. Total fixation time and the number of regressions showed a memory load effect with the to-be-remembered word, and RST performance was also affected under high memory load. We concluded that a shortage of working memory resources caused by memory load prevents flexible eye movement control and may cause a deficit in inhibitory control based on intrusion errors. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Autobiographical Recall Triggers Visual Exploration

by Mohamad El Haj, Céline Delerue, Diana Omigie, Pascal Antoine, Jean Louis Nandrino and Muriel Boucart

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(5), 1-7; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.1 (registering DOI) - 12 Nov 2014

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 94

Abstract

Autobiographical recall is thought to rely on the ability to generate a visual image of the remembered event. Neuropsychological studies suggest a relationship between deterioration in visual mental imagery and autobiographical distortions, while neuroimaging data similarly implicate visual brain areas in autobiographical recall. However, neither approach provides evidence about whether autobiographical retrieval is associated with visual exploration, or not. Our paper aimed to provide such evidence one way or the other. Using an eye tracking system, we recorded eye movements of 40 participants during autobiographical recall and during a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. In both conditions, the participants had to look at a blank screen while their gaze location was recorded by the eye-tracker. Autobiographical recall triggered a lower number of fixations and reduced their duration. In contrast, the number, duration, and amplitude of saccades increased compared to the control condition. Our data suggest that autobiographical recall is characterized by visual processing. Full article

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 7, Issue 5 (January 2014) – 5 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI