Journal of Eye Movement Research

14 pages, 17851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human-Robot Interaction Based on Gaze Gestures for the Drone Teleoperation

by Mingxin Yu, Yingzi Lin, Xiangzhou Wang, David Schmidt and Yu Wang

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(4), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.4.4 (registering DOI) - 29 Sep 2014

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 83

Teleoperation has been widely used to perform tasks in dangerous and unreachable environments by replacing humans with controlled agents. The idea of human-robot interaction (HRI) is very important in teleoperation. Conventional HRI input devices include keyboard, mouse and joystick, etc. However, they are not suitable for handicapped users or people with disabilities. These devices also increase the mental workload of normal users due to simultaneous operation of multiple HRI input devices by hand. Hence, HRI based on gaze tracking with an eye tracker is presented in this study. The selection of objects is of great importance and occurs at a high frequency during HRI control. This paper introduces gaze gestures as an object selection strategy into HRI for drone teleoperation. In order to test and validate the performance of gaze gestures selection strategy, we evaluate objective and subjective measurements, respectively. Drone control performance, including mean task completion time and mean error rate, are the objective measurements. The subjective measurement is the analysis of participant perception. The results showed gaze gestures selection strategy has a great potential as an additional HRI for use in agent teleoperation. Full article

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14 pages, 1686 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discriminating Cognitive Processes with Eye Movements in a Decision-Making Driving Task

by Sophie Lemonnier, Roland Brémond and Thierry Baccino

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(4), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.4.3 (registering DOI) - 25 Jul 2014

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 59

Abstract

An experiment was conducted in a driving simulator to test how eye-movement patterns evolve over time according to the decision-making processes involved in a driving task. Participants had to drive up to a crossroads and decide to stop or not. The decision-making task was considered as the succession of two phases associated with cognitive processes: Differentiation (leading to a prior decision) and Consolidation (leading to a final decision). Road signs (Stop, Priority and GiveWay) varied across situations, and the stopping behavior (Go and NoGo) was recorded. Saccade amplitudes and fixation durations were analyzed. Specific patterns were found for each condition in accordance with the associated processes: high visual exploration (larger saccade amplitudes and shorter fixation durations) for the Differentiation phase, and lower visual exploration (smaller saccades and longer fixations) for the Consolidation phase. These results support that eye-movements can provide good indices of underlying processes occurring during a decision-making task in an everyday context. Full article

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7 pages, 846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Inter-Trial Spatial Biases of Stimuli and Goals in Saccadic Programming

by Tara Rastgardani, Mathias Abegg and Jason J. S. Barton

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(4), 1-7; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.4.2 (registering DOI) - 7 Jun 2014

Viewed by 58

Abstract

Prior studies have shown an ‘alternate antisaccade-goal bias’, in that the saccadic landing points of antisaccades were displaced towards the location of antisaccade goals used in other trials in the same experimental block. Thus the motor response in one trial induced a spatial bias of a motor response in another trial. In this study we investigated whether sensory information, i.e. the location of a visual stimulus, might have a spatial effect on a motor response too. Such an effect might be attractive as for the alternate antisaccade-goal bias or repulsive. For this purpose we used block of trials with either antisaccades, prosaccades or mixed trials in order to study the alternate-trial biases generated by antisaccade goals, antisaccade stimuli, and prosaccade goals. in contrast to the effects of alternate antisaccade goals described in prior studies, alternate antisaccade stimuli generated a significant repulsive bias of about 1.8°: furthermore, if stimulus and motor goal coincide, as with an alternate prosaccade, the repulsive effect of a stimulus prevails, causing a bias of about 0.9°. Taken together with prior results, these findings may reflect averaging of current and alternate trial activity in a salience map, with excitatory activity from the motor response and inhibitory activity from the sensory input. Full article

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11 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Entering PIN Codes by Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

by Dietlind Helene Cymek, Antje Christine Venjakob, Stefan Ruff, Otto Hans-Martin Lutz, Simon Hofmann and Matthias Roetting

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2014, 7(4), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.4.1 (registering DOI) - 31 May 2014

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 49

Abstract

Despite its potential gaze interaction is still not a widely-used interaction concept. Major drawbacks as the calibration, strain of the eyes and the high number of false alarms are associated with gaze based interaction and limit its practicability for every-day human computer interaction. In this paper two experiments are described which use smooth pursuit eye movements on moving display buttons. The first experiment was conducted to extract an easy and fast interaction concept and at the same time to collect data to develop a specific but robust algorithm. In a follow-up experiment, twelve conventionally calibrated participants interacted successfully with the system. For another group of twelve people the eye tracker was not calibrated individually, but on a third person. Results show that for both groups interaction was possible without false alarms. Both groups rated the user experience of the system as positive. Full article

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J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 7, Issue 4 (September 2014) – 4 articles

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