A Model-Based Prioritisation Exercise for the European Water Framework Directive
by
Klaus Daginnus 1, Stefania Gottardo 1, Ana Payá-Pérez 1, Paul Whitehouse 2, Helen Wilkinson 2 and José-Manuel Zaldívar 1,*
Klaus Daginnus 1, Stefania Gottardo 1, Ana Payá-Pérez 1, Paul Whitehouse 2, Helen Wilkinson 2 and José-Manuel Zaldívar 1,*
1
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
2
Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8(2), 435-455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020435
Received: 1 December 2010 / Revised: 22 December 2010 / Accepted: 24 January 2011 / Published: 1 February 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Legislation and Public Health)
A model-based prioritisation exercise has been carried out for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. The approach considers two aspects: the hazard of a certain chemical and its exposure levels, and focuses on aquatic ecosystems, but also takes into account hazards due to secondary poisoning, bioaccumulation through the food chain and potential human health effects. A list provided by EU Member States, Stakeholders and Non-Governmental Organizations comprising 2,034 substances was evaluated according to hazard and exposure criteria. Then 78 substances classified as “of high concern” where analysed and ranked in terms of risk ratio (Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No-Effect Concentration). This exercise has been complemented by a monitoring-based prioritization exercise using data provided by Member States. The proposed approach constitutes the first step in setting the basis for an open modular screening tool that could be used for the next prioritization exercises foreseen by the WFD.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Daginnus, K.; Gottardo, S.; Payá-Pérez, A.; Whitehouse, P.; Wilkinson, H.; Zaldívar, J.-M. A Model-Based Prioritisation Exercise for the European Water Framework Directive. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 435-455.
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