Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Cortisol in Fish
4. Invasive vs. Non-Invasive Biological Sampling Methods for Cortisol Determinations
5. Main Analytical Methods Employed in Cortisol Quantitation
6. Cortisol in Fish as a Response towards Organic Pollutants
7. Conclusions and Future Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Matrix | Invasiveness | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|
Whole body | Invasive |
|
|
Eggs | Invasive |
|
|
Fins | Invasive |
|
|
Plasma | Invasive |
|
|
Scales | Minimally invasive |
|
|
Feces | Non-invasive |
|
|
Mucus | Non-invasive |
|
|
Water | Non-invasive |
|
|
Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Immunoassays |
|
|
LC-MS/MS |
|
|
GC-MS |
|
|
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Lemos, L.S.; Angarica, L.M.; Hauser-Davis, R.A.; Quinete, N. Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136237
Lemos LS, Angarica LM, Hauser-Davis RA, Quinete N. Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(13):6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136237
Chicago/Turabian StyleLemos, Leila Soledade, Leo Moreira Angarica, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, and Natalia Quinete. 2023. "Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13: 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136237