Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment

Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Xianghong; Fang, Hong; Lin, Xuanyu; Dai, Xinmi; Liu, Huijun

doi:10.3390/ijerph19095545

Open AccessArticle

Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment

by

Zhiheng Li

^1,2,

Xianghong Zhang

^1,2,

Hong Fang

^1,2,

Xuanyu Lin

^1,2,

Xinmi Dai

^1,2 and

Huijun Liu

^1,2,*

¹

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

²

Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095545

Submission received: 29 March 2022 / Revised: 25 April 2022 / Accepted: 29 April 2022 / Published: 3 May 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Pollution: Human Health and Ecological Risks)

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Abstract

Aquaculture facilities are a potential source of antibiotics in aquatic environments, having adverse effects on the algae species. In this study, the toxicity induced by enrofloxacin (ENR) on the algae Scenedesmus obliquus was evaluated. The uptake of ENR and the change in the growth and photosynthesis of algae were analyzed. At the exposure doses of 10–300 μg/L, the accumulated levels of ENR in algae were 10.61–18.22 μg/g and 12.09–18.34 μg/g after 48 h and 96 h of treatment, respectively. ENR inhibited the growth of algae, with a concentration for 50% effect of 119.74 μg/L, 53.09 μg/L, 64.37 μg/L, and 52.64 μg/L after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of treatment, respectively, indicating the self-protection and repair ability of algae in a short period of time. Furthermore, the chlorophyll contents decreased in all treatment groups, and the photosynthetic system Ⅱ parameters decreased in a dose-dependent manner under ENR stress, suggesting that ENR caused a disorder in the electron transport of the photosynthesis of algae, and the carbon fixation and assimilation processes were thus damaged. These results indicate that ENR poses a considerable risk to aquatic environments, affects the carbon sinks, and even has an adverse effect on human health.

Keywords: aquatic environment; antibiotics; Scenedesmus obliquus; photosynthetic toxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Fang, H.; Lin, X.; Dai, X.; Liu, H. Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095545

AMA Style

Li Z, Zhang X, Fang H, Lin X, Dai X, Liu H. Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095545

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zhiheng, Xianghong Zhang, Hong Fang, Xuanyu Lin, Xinmi Dai, and Huijun Liu. 2022. "Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095545

APA Style

Li, Z., Zhang, X., Fang, H., Lin, X., Dai, X., & Liu, H. (2022). Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095545

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Photosynthetic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus in an Aquatic Environment

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