Parental Divorce Process and Post-Divorce Parental Behaviors and Strategies: Examining Emerging Adult Children’s Attachment-Related Anxiety and Avoidance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis Plan
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive and Bivariate Analyses
3.2. Hierarchical Multiple Regressions
3.2.1. Attachment-Related Avoidance in Relationships
3.2.2. Attachment-Related Anxiety in Relationships
4. Discussion
Study Limitations, Strengths, and Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Constructs | Indicators | M (SD) | Range | α |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal positive behaviors | Maternal coparental coop. | 4.39 (1.44) | 1–6 | 0.86 |
Maternal positive parenting | 4.69 (1.39) | 1–6 | 0.87 | |
Freedom mother father | 4.46 (1.59) | 1–6 | 0.90 | |
Paternal positive behaviors | Paternal coparental coop. | 4.36 (1.44) | 1–6 | 0.85 |
Paternal positive parenting | 3.80 (1.68) | 1–6 | 0.87 | |
Freedom father mother | 4.11 (1.70) | 1–6 | 0.94 | |
Parental negative emotional state | Mother | 3.36 (1.56) | 1–6 | 0.90 |
Father | 3.00 (1.40) | 1–6 | 0.83 | |
Continued post-divorce interparental conflict | -- | 2.39 (1.16) | 1–4 | - |
Current attachment | Avoidance | 2.51 (0.94) | 1–7 | 0.88 |
Anxiety | 3.62 (0.99) | 1–7 | 0.87 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Maternal coparental coop | 1 | ||||||||||
2. Maternal positive parenting | 0.59 ** | 1 | |||||||||
3. Freedom mother father | 0.66 ** | 0.59 ** | 1 | ||||||||
4. Paternal coparental coop. | 0.36 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.17 * | 1 | |||||||
5. Paternal positive parenting | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.25 ** | 0.50 ** | 1 | ||||||
6. Freedom father mother | 0.17 * | 0.27 ** | 0.46 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.66 ** | 1 | |||||
7. Maternal negative emo. state | −0.50 ** | −0.62 ** | −0.37 ** | −0.18 * | −0.10 | −0.14 | 1 | ||||
8. Paternal negative emo. state | −0.12 | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.55 ** | −0.45 ** | −0.40 ** | 0.22 ** | 1 | |||
9. Post-divorce interparental conf. | −0.32 ** | −0.08 | −0.16 * | −0.39 ** | −0.29 ** | −0.28 ** | 0.20 * | 0.25 ** | 1 | ||
10. Attachment avoidance | −0.04 | −0.09 | −0.13 | −0.20 * | −0.16 * | −0.15 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 1 | |
11. Attachment anxiety | −0.18 * | −0.18 * | −0.21 ** | −0.07 | 0.001 | −0.14 | 0.25 ** | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.33 ** | 1 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β |
Control variables | |||||||||
Gender (male) | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.23 ** | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.27 *** | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.26 *** |
Age | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Explanatory variables | |||||||||
Maternal coparental cooperation | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.24 | |||
Maternal positive parenting strategies | −0.003 | 0.08 | −0.005 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | |||
Freedom mother father | −0.15 | 0.08 | −0.26 * | −0.15 | 0.08 | −0.25 * | |||
Paternal coparental cooperation | −0.17 | 0.08 | −0.26 * | −0.17 | 0.08 | −0.27 * | |||
Paternal positive parenting strategies | −0.07 | 0.06 | −0.13 | −0.08 | 0.06 | −0.14 | |||
Freedom father mother | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |||
Mother’s negative emotional state | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | |||
Father’s negative emotional state | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.06 | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.06 | |||
Post-divorce interparental conflict | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.07 | ||||||
R2 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||||||
F for change in R2 | 3.49 * | 2.33 ** | 2.18 * |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β |
Control variables | |||||||||
Sex (male) | −0.14 | 0.16 | −0.07 | −0.17 | 0.16 | −0.09 | −0.18 | 0.16 | −0.09 |
Age | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
Explanatory variables | |||||||||
Maternal coparental cooperation | −0.01 | 0.09 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.09 | −0.04 | |||
Maternal positive parenting strategies | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.12 | |||
Freedom mother father | −0.09 | 0.08 | −0.14 | −0.08 | 0.08 | −0.13 | |||
Paternal coparental cooperation | 0.004 | 0.08 | 0.006 | −0.001 | 0.08 | −0.001 | |||
Paternal positive parenting strategies | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.17 | |||
Freedom father mother | −0.13 | 0.07 | −0.22 * | −0.13 | 0.07 | −0.24 * | |||
Mother’s negative emotional state | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.22 * | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.23 * | |||
Father’s negative emotional state | −0.01 | 0.07 | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.07 | −0.02 | |||
Post-divorce interparental conflict | −0.06 | 0.08 | −0.07 | ||||||
R2 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||||||
F for change in R2 | 1.19 | 1.71 * | 1.61 |
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Smith-Etxeberria, K.; Corres-Medrano, I.; Fernandez-Villanueva, I. Parental Divorce Process and Post-Divorce Parental Behaviors and Strategies: Examining Emerging Adult Children’s Attachment-Related Anxiety and Avoidance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610383
Smith-Etxeberria K, Corres-Medrano I, Fernandez-Villanueva I. Parental Divorce Process and Post-Divorce Parental Behaviors and Strategies: Examining Emerging Adult Children’s Attachment-Related Anxiety and Avoidance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):10383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610383
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmith-Etxeberria, Klara, Irune Corres-Medrano, and Itziar Fernandez-Villanueva. 2022. "Parental Divorce Process and Post-Divorce Parental Behaviors and Strategies: Examining Emerging Adult Children’s Attachment-Related Anxiety and Avoidance" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 10383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610383