Parental Burnout and Its Antecedents among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Families
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Same-Sex Families: Thriving in Adversity
1.2. Parental Burnout: An Overview
1.3. The Current Research
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study 1: Preliminary Investigation
2.1.1. Participants
2.1.2. Procedure
2.1.3. Measures
2.1.4. Statistical Analyses
2.2. Study 2: Replication and Extension
2.2.1. Participants
2.2.2. Procedure
2.2.3. Measures
2.2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study 1
3.2. Study 2
M (SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 222) | Same-Sex Families (n = 111) | Different-Sex Families (n = 111) | p | |
Age | 40.1 (8.3) | 42.0 (8.7) | 38.2 (7.5) | <0.001 a |
Education level 1 | 4.12 (3.77) | 4.06 (1.1) | 4.2 (1.1) | 0.440 a |
Number of children at home | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.000 a |
Income 2 | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.1) | 0.555 a |
n (%) | ||||
Work status | ||||
Not working | 36 (16.4) | 17 (15.6) | 19 (17.3) | 0.918 b |
Working part-time | 72 (32.9) | 37 (33.9) | 35 (31.8) | |
Working full-time | 111 (50.7) | 55 (50.5) | 56 (50.9) |
4. General Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M (SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 114) | Same-Sex Families (n = 57) | Different-Sex Families (n = 57) | p | |
Age | 36.9 (7.4) | 37.3 (8.2) | 36.5 (6.6) | 0.546 a |
Education level 1 | 16.2 (3.8) | 16.3 (3.7) | 16.0 (3.9) | 0.711 a |
Number of children at home | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.491 a |
n (%) | ||||
Neighbourhood | ||||
Relatively disadvantaged | 5 (4.4) | 4 (7.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.323 b |
Average | 85 (74.6) | 40 (70.2) | 45 (78.9) | |
Relatively prosperous | 24 (21.1) | 13 (22.8) | 11 (19.3) | |
Paid professional activity | ||||
Yes | 94 (82.5) | 49 (86.0) | 45 (12.0) | 0.325 b |
No | 20 (17.5) | 8 (14.0) | 12 (21.1) |
Exhaustion | Contrast | Feelings of Being Fed up | Emotional Distancing | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SEB | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | |||||||||
Step 1 | 0.012 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.027 | ||||||||||||||||
Family type | 0.83 | 1.64 | 0.04 | −0.37 | 0.66 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.08 | ||||||||
Age | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.14 | ||||||||
Gender | 4.37 | 2.48 | 0.12 | 1.42 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.02 | ||||||||
Step 2 | 0.050 | 0.038 * | 0.073 | 0.064 ** | 0.052 | 0.050 * | 0.056 | 0.029 * | ||||||||||||
BR2 | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.20 ** | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.26 *** | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.23 *** | −0.01 | 0.003 | −0.17 * |
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Gato, J.; Fontaine, A.M.; César, F.; Leal, D.; Roskam, I.; Mikolajczak, M. Parental Burnout and Its Antecedents among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Families. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137601
Gato J, Fontaine AM, César F, Leal D, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Parental Burnout and Its Antecedents among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137601
Chicago/Turabian StyleGato, Jorge, Anne Marie Fontaine, Filipa César, Daniela Leal, Isabelle Roskam, and Moïra Mikolajczak. 2022. "Parental Burnout and Its Antecedents among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Families" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137601