Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Sexual Orientation Discrimination
2.3.2. Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use
2.3.3. Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.4.1. Sensitivity Analysis
2.4.2. Supplementary Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use
3.2. Prevalence of Sociodemographic and Geographic Characteristics by Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use
3.3. Mean Prior-to-Past-Year Sexual Orientation Discrimination by Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use
3.4. Associations between Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use
3.5. Sensitivity Analysis
3.6. Supplementary Analysis
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Past-Year Tobacco Product Use | p a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participant Characteristics | Overall (n = 3453) | Never/Former Use (n = 2217) | Exclusive Use (n = 965) | Dual Use (n = 233) | Polyuse (n = 38) | |
Age, (mean ± SD) | 43.0 ± 0.5 | 45.3 ± 0.5 | 40.3 ± 0.7 | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 32.1 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.028 | |||||
Female | 2215 (60.6) | 1427 (61.2) | 626 (61.4) | 144 (55.4) | 18 (39.1) | |
Male | 1238 (39.4) | 790 (38.8) | 339 (38.6) | 89 (44.6) | 20 (60.9) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
Hispanic | 613 (14.0) | 411 (14.7) | 159 (12.5) | 40 (14.6) | 3 (4.6) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1856 (65.4) | 1161 (63.8) | 525 (67.3) | 142 (70.3) | 28 (82.8) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 760 (12.9) | 471 (12.3) | 245 (15.5) | 39 (9.3) | 5 (9.5) | |
Non-Hispanic Other | 224 (7.8) | 174 (9.3) | 36 (4.7) | 12 (5.8) | 2 (3.1) | |
Highest educational attainment, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
<Highschool graduate/GED | 1286 (36.3) | 711 (30.4) | 458 (48.1) | 99 (43.5) | 18 (53.0) | |
Some college or more | 2167 (63.7) | 1506 (69.6) | 507 (51.9) | 134 (56.5) | 20 (47.0) | |
Annual household income, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
<$25,000 | 1441 (34.5) | 811 (29.6) | 502 (44.2) | 106 (39.2) | 22 (55.2) | |
$25,000–59,999 | 1166 (33.4) | 754 (32.4) | 315 (35.3) | 87 (38.3) | 10 (18.7) | |
$60,000 or more | 846 (32.0) | 652 (38.0) | 148 (20.4) | 40 (22.5) | 6 (26.1) | |
Urbanicity, n (%) | 0.23 | |||||
Urban | 3041 (83.9) | 1953 (83.8) | 856 (84.6) | 197 (80.0) | 35 (94.3) | |
Rural | 412 (16.1) | 264 (16.2) | 109 (15.4) | 36 (20.0) | 3 (5.7) | |
Geographic region, n (%) | 0.09 | |||||
Northeast | 572 (19.9) | 397 (21.3) | 144 (18.7) | 30 (14.7) | 1 (1.6) | |
Midwest | 672 (19.6) | 380 (18.1) | 233 (22.4) | 49 (21.8) | 10 (26.5) | |
South | 1230 (33.7) | 786 (33.0) | 336 (34.6) | 95 (37.0) | 13 (36.0) | |
West | 979 (26.8) | 654 (27.6) | 252 (24.3) | 59 (26.5) | 14 (35.9) |
Past-Year Tobacco Product Use | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sexual Orientation Discrimination Items, Mean (95% CI) b | Overall (n = 3453) | Never/Former Use (n = 2217) | Exclusive Use (n = 965) | Dual Use (n = 233) | Polyuse (n = 38) | p a |
Obtaining health care or insurance | 0.11 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.13) | 0.16 (0.06, 0.26) | 0.47 (0.06, 0.89) | 0.09 |
Receiving health care | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.22) | 0.36 (−0.06, 0.78) | 0.18 |
While in public places | 0.26 (0.22, 0.29) | 0.23 (0.20, 0.27) | 0.27 (0.20, 0.33) | 0.38 (0.26, 0.50) | 0.52 (0.06, 0.97) | 0.013 |
While in other situations | 0.14 (0.11, 0.16) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.32) | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.42) | 0.16 |
Called names | 0.28 (0.25, 0.32) | 0.26 (0.22, 0.30) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.38) | 0.44 (0.32, 0.55) | 0.46 (0.13, 0.79) | 0.003 |
Bullied, assaulted, or threatened | 0.18 (0.15, 0.21) | 0.17 (0.13, 0.20) | 0.18 (0.12, 0.24) | 0.30 (0.19, 0.42) | 0.30 (0.06, 0.55) | 0.06 |
Sexual orientation discrimination scale b | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.14) | 1.09 (0.82, 1.36) | 1.62 (1.08, 2.16) | 2.31 (0.83, 3.78) | 0.014 |
Past-Year Tobacco Product Use a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exclusive Use | Dual Use | Polyuse | ||||
Sexual Orientation Discrimination Items | AOR b | 95% CI | AOR b | 95% CI | AOR b | 95% CI |
Obtaining health care or insurance | 0.94 | 0.76, 1.16 | 1.23 | 0.90, 1.67 | 2.12 | 1.31, 3.42 |
Receiving health care | 0.96 | 0.75, 1.22 | 1.10 | 0.78, 1.54 | 1.69 | 1.05, 2.71 |
While in public places | 1.03 | 0.89, 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.02, 1.44 | 1.39 | 0.91, 2.12 |
While in other situations | 1.03 | 0.84, 1.26 | 1.29 | 0.97, 1.71 | 1.24 | 0.74, 2.08 |
Called names | 1.06 | 0.91, 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.04, 1.45 | 1.20 | 0.86, 1.67 |
Bullied, assaulted, or threatened | 1.01 | 0.82, 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.04, 1.60 | 1.32 | 0.92, 1.90 |
Sexual orientation discrimination scale | 1.00 | 0.96, 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.01, 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 |
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Mattingly, D.T.; Titus, A.R.; Hirschtick, J.L.; Fleischer, N.L. Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106305
Mattingly DT, Titus AR, Hirschtick JL, Fleischer NL. Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106305
Chicago/Turabian StyleMattingly, Delvon T., Andrea R. Titus, Jana L. Hirschtick, and Nancy L. Fleischer. 2022. "Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106305