Create Solidarity Networks: Dialogs in Reddit to Overcome Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Males
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Early Detection of Suicide, Suicide Ideation and Support
1.2. Solidarity Networks and Accessing Help Online
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
- Interaction through debate;
- Representation of diverse citizens in terms of age, gender, educational background or cultural background, among other factors;
- Outreach of the community (number of members);
- High level of interaction with users (including likes, posts and comments);
- Presence of filter categories that included topics related to this research (e.g., health, anxiety, depression and suicide).
2.2. Data Analysis
- The researchers anonymized all the data.
- The researchers checked manually that the selected messages met the inclusion criteria and discarded the others, discarding duplicated messages and messages posted by fake accounts or bots.
- The researchers compiled all messages that met the inclusion criteria in an Excel file.
- The researchers agreed upon the keywords to select the posts. In this study, the keywords were anxiety, depression, health, suicide and a combination of them. The elaboration of the codebook was dialogic, combining predefined categories with those categories that emerged during the analysis. All the posts containing one (or more) of these keywords were compiled into a single Excel file for further coding. Table 2 summarizes the number of posts identified for each keyword in each subreddit.
- Posts that did not comment on personal experiences but spoke generally;
- Those that directly asked for advice;
- Those who commented on their own experiences;
- Those posts that were responding through their own experiences;
- Those who commented on someone else’s experience;
- Those who responded and their arguments were based on someone else’s experience;
- Those who responded without commenting on any experience.
- Variable 1
- Explained the consequences of their mental health problems with two categories of analysis: mentions (1.1) or does not mention consequences (1.2).
- Variable 2
- Causes that they identified with the origin or aggravation of their mental health problems. The analysis categories that finally resulted were relationships (2.1), diverse ways of living sexuality (2.2), access to university (2.3), COVID-19 (2.4), diagnoses without apparent cause (2.5), work (2.6), aspects related to their masculinity (2.7), childhood trauma or abuse (2.8), other causes (2.9) and not mentioned (2.10).
- Variable 3
- Whether and what kind of advice was offered. The four categories were directly offered advice (3.1), advice can be intuited through one’s own experience (3.2), advice offered is based on studies or is a general comment (3.3) and not mentioned (3.4).
- Variable 4
- Whether and what kind of recommendations were made. The seven categories were if they did not mention a recommendation and if they did (4.1), self-compassion or acceptance (4.2), therapy or asking for professional help (4.3), medicines and drugs (4.4), improving their social relations or discussing their problems with someone (4.5), change of job or work dynamics (4.6) and the last category grouping other types of recommendations (4.7).
3. Results
3.1. Reddit as a Support Network
3.2. Dialogs to Overcome Dominant and Oppressive Traditional Masculinities
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subreddit | About the Community | Total Posts (Including Comments) Analyzed |
---|---|---|
Education | ||
ApplyingToCollege | Includes questions, advice and discussions on college admissions, such as college essays, scholarships, SAT and ACT test preparation or career guidance. | 9255 |
Education | Brings broad debates on policy, research and technology in educational contexts. | 8710 |
Teaching | News, resources, concerns and advice for teachers at all levels of education are shared. | 1069 |
Science | A subreddit to share and discuss new scientific research from all disciplines. | 10,000 |
Teachers | Wide network on teachers’ concerns, with general questions raised for discussion among users. | 9061 |
Gender | ||
Feminisms | Defined as a safe space for respectful and collaborative debate about feminism, including intersectionality. It details that the content is actively curated by a pro-feminist moderation team. | 66 |
FeMRADebates | Discusses feminism, egalitarianism and men’s rights activism. | 260 |
Bisexual | Defines itself as a subreddit addressed to all those people who are not heterosexual or anyone who does not quite fit into the binary pattern of “straight” and “gay”. | 8710 |
Feminism | In general, in this group, personal issues are addressed from a gender and feminist perspective. | 983 |
PurplePillDebate | Defines itself as a neutral community to discuss sex and gender issues. Specifically, questions are raised in relation to sex and attractiveness. | 10,000 |
Keywords | Applying ToCollege | Bisexual | Education | Feminism | Feminisms | FeMRADebates | PurplePillDebate | Science | Teachers | Teaching | Total | Not Applicable | Total Analyzed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
anxiety | 26 | 34 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 59 | 26 | 15 | 181 | 20 | 161 |
depression | 11 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 65 | 15 | 50 |
health | 64 | 50 | 9 | 17 | 0 | 6 | 166 | 77 | 213 | 13 | 615 | 446 | 169 |
suicide | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 49 | 4 | 45 |
combination | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 48 | 3 | 45 |
Total | 110 | 101 | 20 | 24 | 0 | 7 | 215 | 169 | 264 | 48 | 958 | 488 | 470 |
Variable 1 Explain Consequences | Variable 2 Cause | Variable 3 Offers Advice | Variable 4 Recommendation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | No. of Posts | Category | No. of Posts | Category | No. of Posts | Category | No. of Posts |
1.1 Mentioned | 24 | 2.1 Relationships | 48 | 3.1 Directly offer advice | 106 | 4.1 No recommendation | 257 |
1.2 Not mentioned | 399 | 2.2 Living sexuality | 46 | 3.2 Advice is intuited | 35 | 4.2 Self-compassion | 31 |
2.3 Access university | 40 | 3.3 Advice based on studies | 88 | 4.3 Therapy | 32 | ||
2.4 COVID-19 | 34 | 3.4 Not mentioned | 274 | 4.4 Medicines | 23 | ||
2.5 Mental health | 14 | 4.5 Meeting people | 43 | ||||
2.6 Work | 35 | 4.6 Change of job | 8 | ||||
2.7 Masculinity | 18 | 4.7 Other | 61 | ||||
2.8 Childhood | 16 | ||||||
2.9 Other | 32 | ||||||
2.10 Not mentioned | 143 |
Post No. | Variable 1 Explain Consequences | Variable 2 Cause | Variable 3 Offers Advice | Variable 4 Recommendation |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.4 Medicines |
15 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
43 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
45 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
46 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
47 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
48 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
49 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
66 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.9 Other | 3.1 Directly | 4.2 Self-compassion |
138 | 1.1 Mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
153 | 1.2 Not mentioned | 2.7 Masculinity | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
168 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.2 Intuited | 4.5 Meeting people |
169 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
172 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
179 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
182 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
184 | 1.2 Mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
223 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
244 | 1.2 Mentioned | Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.4. Medicines |
245 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
259 | 1.2 Mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
268 | 1.2 Mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
271 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.9 Other | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
274 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.3 Access to university | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
277 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.3 Access to university | 3.2 Intuited | 4.2 Self-compassion |
293 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.9 Other | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
301 | 1.2 Mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.1 Directly | 4.7 Other |
411 | 1.2 Mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
459 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
506 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
537 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.4 COVID-19 | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
545 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.4 COVID-19 | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
605 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.5 Diagnosis of mental health problems | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
897 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
910 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.5 Meeting people |
917 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.1 No recommendation |
939 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.5 Meeting people |
953 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.2 Diverse ways of living sexuality | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.3 Therapy |
956 | 1.1 Not mentioned | 2.10 Not mentioned | 3.4 Not mentioned | 4.5 Meeting people |
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Redondo-Sama, G.; Morlà-Folch, T.; Burgués, A.; Amador, J.; Magaraggia, S. Create Solidarity Networks: Dialogs in Reddit to Overcome Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Males. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211927
Redondo-Sama G, Morlà-Folch T, Burgués A, Amador J, Magaraggia S. Create Solidarity Networks: Dialogs in Reddit to Overcome Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22):11927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211927
Chicago/Turabian StyleRedondo-Sama, Gisela, Teresa Morlà-Folch, Ana Burgués, Jelen Amador, and Sveva Magaraggia. 2021. "Create Solidarity Networks: Dialogs in Reddit to Overcome Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Males" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22: 11927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211927