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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph182111193
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Article

Men Show Reduced Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity during Modestly Painful Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm: Exploratory Results from a Sham-Controlled Crossover Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study

by
Elisabeth Veiz
1,2,*,
Susann-Kristin Kieslich
1,
Julia Staab
1,3,
Dirk Czesnik
2,
Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
1,3 and
Thomas Meyer
1,3,*
1
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
2
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
3
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111193
Submission received: 19 August 2021 / Revised: 6 October 2021 / Accepted: 16 October 2021 / Published: 25 October 2021
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Abstract

This paper presents data from a transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation experiment that point towards a blunted cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity (cBRS) in young males compared to females during electrical stimulation of the forearm and a rhythmic breathing task. Continuous electrocardiography, impedance cardiography and continuous blood-pressure recordings were assessed in a sex-matched cohort of twenty young healthy subjects. Electrical stimulation of the median nerve was conducted by using a threshold-tracking method combined with two rhythmic breathing tasks (0.1 and 0.2 Hz) before, during and after active or sham transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. Autonomic and hemodynamic parameters were calculated, and differences were analyzed by using linear mixed models and post hoc F-tests. None of the autonomic and hemodynamic parameters differed between the sham and active conditions. However, compared to females, male participants had an overall lower total cBRS independent of stimulation condition during nerve stimulation (females: 14.96 ± 5.67 ms/mmHg, males: 11.89 ± 3.24 ms/mmHg, p = 0.031) and rhythmic breathing at 0.2 Hz (females: 21.49 ± 8.47 ms/mmHg, males: 15.12 ± 5.70 ms/mmHg, p = 0.004). Whereas vagus nerve stimulation at the left inner tragus did not affect the efferent vagal control of the heart, we found similar patterns of baroreceptor sensitivity activation over the stimulation period in both sexes, which, however, significantly differed in their magnitude, with females showing an overall higher cBRS.
Keywords: spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity; transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation; sex differences; heart rate variability; nerve stimulation; stress spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity; transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation; sex differences; heart rate variability; nerve stimulation; stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Veiz, E.; Kieslich, S.-K.; Staab, J.; Czesnik, D.; Herrmann-Lingen, C.; Meyer, T. Men Show Reduced Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity during Modestly Painful Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm: Exploratory Results from a Sham-Controlled Crossover Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111193

AMA Style

Veiz E, Kieslich S-K, Staab J, Czesnik D, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T. Men Show Reduced Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity during Modestly Painful Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm: Exploratory Results from a Sham-Controlled Crossover Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111193

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veiz, Elisabeth, Susann-Kristin Kieslich, Julia Staab, Dirk Czesnik, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, and Thomas Meyer. 2021. "Men Show Reduced Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity during Modestly Painful Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm: Exploratory Results from a Sham-Controlled Crossover Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111193

APA Style

Veiz, E., Kieslich, S.-K., Staab, J., Czesnik, D., Herrmann-Lingen, C., & Meyer, T. (2021). Men Show Reduced Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity during Modestly Painful Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm: Exploratory Results from a Sham-Controlled Crossover Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111193

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